Exam 2: Evaluating Scientific Claims

How does a chicken pox vaccine stimulate immunity in an individual human? Be sure to accurately include the following terms: antibodies,disease organism,immune system,vaccine,virus.

Thomas's foot began to swell after he was stung by a scorpion.Thomas' friend said his mom had an old,trusted herbal poultice remedy that would absorb the venom from the foot,reduce the swelling,and heal the foot.Thomas allowed his friend to place the herbal poultice on his foot before going to bed that night,and the swelling was gone in the morning.Which of the following can be concluded about the herbal poultice remedy?

Based on the scientific evidence presented in the journals Lancet and Vaccine which of the following is NOT the reason for the observed increase in incidence of autism in the United States and other countries since the 1970s?

You are reading an article in National Geographic regarding the evolution of humans.This would be an example of ________ literature.

Which of the following would be a positive consideration when evaluating a researcher's expertise regarding a particular scientific claim?

Vaccines approved for use are continually monitored and tested for ________ by the FDA.

An individual claims to be able to detect the presence of graves in an old cemetery by using a "dowsing" or "divining" rod.The rod is a forked twig held in front of the individual as he walks across the cemetery.The "dowser" (person who is using the dowsing rod)claims that depending on which way the twig moves (up and down or side to side)he can determine if there is a grave there and the gender and age of the individual buried at that spot.Which of the following would NOT help evaluate if the dowser is a fraud?

When individuals use the scientific process to question information and make informed decisions about the world around them,they are acting in a(n)________ literate manner.

Peer-reviewed scientific journals,technical reports,conference proceedings,and dissertations are considered ________ literature.

A pharmaceutical company conducts trials on animals and cell lines to determine the safety of a new vaccine before performing clinical trials on adult human volunteers.This is an example of

The figure below,based on data collected by The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases,graphically illustrates that a disease is less likely to spread to vulnerable members of a population if most of the population is immunized against the disease.This phenomenon occurs because

Announcing "scientific" findings in a press conference before they have been published in an established scientific journal is an example of

The graph below shows that post vaccination program,the number of adult meningitis cases is

What is a first step an individual should take when beginning to assess a "scientific" claim made by another person?

Anna Eaton went to her local library to begin a search for answers regarding vaccination.She checked out and read a textbook about how vaccines work.This textbook is an example of ________ literature.

Your own scientific literacy would NOT be helpful in answering which of the following questions?

A company is spending $200 million to determine if a newly isolated plant extract will help increase the effectiveness of an antidepressant drug currently on the market.This research would be an example of ________ research.

If a statement about how the natural world works can be supported (or not)by using the scientific method,the statement is a(n)________ claim

According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC),by the end of September 2014,roughly 8,000 cases of whooping cough had been reported in California for that year; more than 250 patients (mostly infants and young children)were hospitalized with 58 of them requiring intensive care.Several other childhood diseases that were once common but then eradicated through high vaccination rates have returned since the antivaccination movement grew in the 1990s.The epidemiological data collected by the CDC indicates this resurgence of childhood diseases is most likely the result of

Therapeutic touch (TT)is a type of "energy" medicine that involves the practitioner moving his or her hands over the energy field of the patient,without actually touching the patient,to redirect the energy field and heal the patient.Which of the following would be the first concept to investigate to help evaluate the claims of TT practitioners?