Question 1

Which of the following sedimentary structures suggests the presence of a back-and-forth current?

Accepted Answer

A) asymmetric ripple marks 
B) cross-bedding 
C) graded bedding 
D) symmetric ripple marks 
A) asymmetric ripple marks 
B) cross-bedding 
C) graded bedding 
D) symmetric ripple marks D

Question 2

If a sediment started out with equal proportion of quartz and feldspar,then which of the following sediment compositions will have been transported the furthest?

Accepted Answer

A) quartz/feldspar = 1 
B) quartz/feldspar = 1/2 
C) quartz/feldspar = 2/1 
D) quartz/feldspar = 3/1 
A) quartz/feldspar = 1 
B) quartz/feldspar = 1/2 
C) quartz/feldspar = 2/1 
D) quartz/feldspar = 3/1 D

Question 3

Oil and gas are found mainly in

Accepted Answer

A) chert and gypsum. 
B) quartzite and dolomite. 
C) mudstone and siltstone. 
D) sandstone and limestone. 
A) chert and gypsum. 
B) quartzite and dolomite. 
C) mudstone and siltstone. 
D) sandstone and limestone. D

Question 4

Coal is produced from the diagenesis of

Accepted Answer

A) foraminifera. 
B) swamp vegetation. 
C) dinosaur bones. 
D) algae. 
A) foraminifera. 
B) swamp vegetation. 
C) dinosaur bones. 
D) algae.

Question 5

A sedimentary environment contains sand,mud,and gravel and shows little biological activity.Which of the following environments fits this description best?

Accepted Answer

A) desert 
B) glacial 
C) lake 
D) continental slope 
A) desert 
B) glacial 
C) lake 
D) continental slope

Question 6

In which of the following environments are siliceous sediments deposited?

Accepted Answer

A) deep-sea 
B) reef 
C) evaporite 
D) swamp 
A) deep-sea 
B) reef 
C) evaporite 
D) swamp

Question 7

A sediment composed of roughly equal amounts of quartz and feldspar grains is transported over a long distance.What will the sediment end up looking like?

Accepted Answer

A) well-sorted and rounded grains consisting of mostly of feldspar 
B) well-sorted and rounded grains consisting mostly of quartz 
C) well-sorted and rounded grains consisting entirely of felspar 
D) well-sorted and rounded grains consisting entirely of quartz 
A) well-sorted and rounded grains consisting of mostly of feldspar 
B) well-sorted and rounded grains consisting mostly of quartz 
C) well-sorted and rounded grains consisting entirely of felspar 
D) well-sorted and rounded grains consisting entirely of quartz

Question 8

Coral reefs are generally limited to waters approximately ________ deep or less.

Accepted Answer

A) 5 m 
B) 20 m 
C) 100 m 
D) 20 km 
A) 5 m 
B) 20 m 
C) 100 m 
D) 20 km

Question 9

Which of the following minerals would be most concentrated at a site containing heavily weathered sediments?

Accepted Answer

A) amphibole 
B) feldspar 
C) mica 
D) quartz 
A) amphibole 
B) feldspar 
C) mica 
D) quartz

Question 10

Which of the following processes occurs during lithification?

Accepted Answer

A) recrystallization of unstable minerals 
B) compaction 
C) cementation 
D) All of these may occur during lithification. 
A) recrystallization of unstable minerals 
B) compaction 
C) cementation 
D) All of these may occur during lithification.

Question 11

As seawater evaporates the following sequence of minerals/compounds forms (in the order of first to last):

Accepted Answer

A) halite,gypsum,carbonates,Mg- and K-chlorides. 
B) gypsum,carbonates,halite,Mg- and K-chlorides. 
C) Mg- and K-chlorides,halite,gypsum,carbonates. 
D) carbonates,gypsum,halite,Mg- and K-chlorides. 
A) halite,gypsum,carbonates,Mg- and K-chlorides. 
B) gypsum,carbonates,halite,Mg- and K-chlorides. 
C) Mg- and K-chlorides,halite,gypsum,carbonates. 
D) carbonates,gypsum,halite,Mg- and K-chlorides.

Question 12

The most abundant chemical/biochemical sedimentary rocks are

Accepted Answer

A) carbonates. 
B) cherts. 
C) sandstones. 
D) shales. 
A) carbonates. 
B) cherts. 
C) sandstones. 
D) shales.

Question 13

Turbidites are sedimentary deposits that are characterized by

Accepted Answer

A) ripple marks. 
B) cross-bedding. 
C) graded bedding. 
D) poor sorting. 
A) ripple marks. 
B) cross-bedding. 
C) graded bedding. 
D) poor sorting.

Question 14

Which of the following sedimentary rocks' formation does not involve a primary sediment?

Accepted Answer

A) mudstone 
B) conglomerate 
C) dolostone 
D) sandstone 
A) mudstone 
B) conglomerate 
C) dolostone 
D) sandstone

Question 15

Sedimentary basins are formed by a process called

Accepted Answer

A) diagenesis. 
B) subduction. 
C) subsidence. 
D) lithification. 
A) diagenesis. 
B) subduction. 
C) subsidence. 
D) lithification.

Question 16

In which of the following sedimentary rocks would it be easiest to determine the type of rocks from which the sediment was derived?

Accepted Answer

A) conglomerates 
B) sandstones 
C) shales 
D) siltstones 
A) conglomerates 
B) sandstones 
C) shales 
D) siltstones

Question 17

Which of the following terms describes the alteration of sediments to sedimentary rocks after deposition?

Accepted Answer

A) diagenesis 
B) crystallization 
C) precipitation 
D) metamorphism 
A) diagenesis 
B) crystallization 
C) precipitation 
D) metamorphism

Question 18

Which of the following processes is not an important cause of subsidence during the development of a sedimentary basin?

Accepted Answer

A) cooling and contraction of the crust 
B) erosion of sediments 
C) deposition of sediments 
D) tectonic downfaulting 
A) cooling and contraction of the crust 
B) erosion of sediments 
C) deposition of sediments 
D) tectonic downfaulting

Question 19

Physical weathering involves the breakdown of rocks at the Earth's surface through

Accepted Answer

A) chemical reactions. 
B) diagenesis. 
C) erosion. 
D) mechanical processes. 
A) chemical reactions. 
B) diagenesis. 
C) erosion. 
D) mechanical processes.

Question 20

Which of the following lists is written in order of decreasing particle size?

Accepted Answer

A) conglomerate,sandstone,siltstone 
B) sandstone,siltstone,conglomerate 
C) sandstone,conglomerate,siltstone 
D) siltstone,sandstone,conglomerate 
A) conglomerate,sandstone,siltstone 
B) sandstone,siltstone,conglomerate 
C) sandstone,conglomerate,siltstone 
D) siltstone,sandstone,conglomerate

Exam 5: Sedimentation: Rocks Formed by Surface Processes

Which of the following sedimentary structures suggests the presence of a back-and-forth current?

If a sediment started out with equal proportion of quartz and feldspar,then which of the following sediment compositions will have been transported the furthest?

Oil and gas are found mainly in

Coal is produced from the diagenesis of

A sedimentary environment contains sand,mud,and gravel and shows little biological activity.Which of the following environments fits this description best?

In which of the following environments are siliceous sediments deposited?

A sediment composed of roughly equal amounts of quartz and feldspar grains is transported over a long distance.What will the sediment end up looking like?

Coral reefs are generally limited to waters approximately ________ deep or less.

Which of the following minerals would be most concentrated at a site containing heavily weathered sediments?

Which of the following processes occurs during lithification?

As seawater evaporates the following sequence of minerals/compounds forms (in the order of first to last):

The most abundant chemical/biochemical sedimentary rocks are

Turbidites are sedimentary deposits that are characterized by

Which of the following sedimentary rocks' formation does not involve a primary sediment?

Sedimentary basins are formed by a process called

In which of the following sedimentary rocks would it be easiest to determine the type of rocks from which the sediment was derived?

Which of the following terms describes the alteration of sediments to sedimentary rocks after deposition?

Which of the following processes is not an important cause of subsidence during the development of a sedimentary basin?

Physical weathering involves the breakdown of rocks at the Earth's surface through

Which of the following lists is written in order of decreasing particle size?

The Earth System

Plate Tectonics: The Unifying Theory

Earth Materials: Minerals and Rocks

Igneous Rocks: Solids From Melts

Metamorphism: Alteration of Rocks by Temperature and Pressure

Deformation: Modification of Rocks by Folding and Fracturing

Clocks in Rocks: Timing the Geologic Period

Early History of the Terrestrial Planets

History of the Continents

Geobiology: Life Interacts With Earth

Volcanoes

Earthquakes

Exploring Earths Interior

The Climate System

Weathering,erosion,and Mass Wasting: Interactions Between the Climate and Plate Tectonic Systems

The Hydrologic Cycle and Groundwater

Stream Transport: From Mountains to Oceans

Winds and Deserts

Coastlines and Ocean Basins

Glaciers: the Work of Ice

Landscapes: Tectonic and Climate Interaction

The Human Impact of Earths Environment

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