Question 1

What type of sediments are accumulations of solid fragments produced by weathering?

Accepted Answer

A) biochemical sediments 
B) clastic sediments 
C) chemical sediments 
D) all of the above 
A) biochemical sediments 
B) clastic sediments 
C) chemical sediments 
D) all of the above

Question 2

Which of the following fine-grained sedimentary rocks is clastic and displays blocky fracture and little or no bedding?

Accepted Answer

A) chert 
B) coal 
C) mudstone 
D) shale 
A) chert 
B) coal 
C) mudstone 
D) shale

Question 3

Which of the following minerals does not precipitate directly from seawater?

Accepted Answer

A) calcite 
B) dolomite 
C) gypsum 
D) halite 
A) calcite 
B) dolomite 
C) gypsum 
D) halite

Question 4

The tendency for variations in current velocity to segregate sediments on the basis of particle size is called

Accepted Answer

A) compaction. 
B) lithification. 
C) metamorphism. 
D) sorting. 
A) compaction. 
B) lithification. 
C) metamorphism. 
D) sorting.

Question 5

The major environments for sedimentary deposition are often grouped into

Accepted Answer

A) land and sea. 
B) terrestrial and marine. 
C) continental,shoreline,and marine. 
D) continental,transitional,and marine. 
A) land and sea. 
B) terrestrial and marine. 
C) continental,shoreline,and marine. 
D) continental,transitional,and marine.

Question 6

Which of the following rocks is composed of clay-sized clastic sediment?

Accepted Answer

A) conglomerate 
B) dolostone 
C) sandstone 
D) shale 
A) conglomerate 
B) dolostone 
C) sandstone 
D) shale

Question 7

What is the approximate temperature of sediment that is buried to a depth of 4 km?

Accepted Answer

A) 0°C 
B) 120°C 
C) 200°C 
D) 250°C 
A) 0°C 
B) 120°C 
C) 200°C 
D) 250°C

Question 8

What is the term for the process by which organisms burrow through muds and disrupt the sedimentary bedding?

Accepted Answer

A) biochemical precipitation 
B) cementation 
C) bioturbation 
D) cross-bedding 
A) biochemical precipitation 
B) cementation 
C) bioturbation 
D) cross-bedding

Question 9

Where do atolls form?

Accepted Answer

A) on beaches along active continental margins 
B) on subsiding volcanic islands 
C) on tidal flats in humid environments 
D) on wave-dominated deltas 
A) on beaches along active continental margins 
B) on subsiding volcanic islands 
C) on tidal flats in humid environments 
D) on wave-dominated deltas

Question 10

Research suggests that bulk seawater chemistry has not changed much over the last 1.8 billion years.This observation is supported by the study of what kind of sedimentary rock?

Accepted Answer

A) sandstone 
B) limestone 
C) chert 
D) evaporites 
A) sandstone 
B) limestone 
C) chert 
D) evaporites

Question 11

Research on marine evaporates indicates that bulk seawater chemistry has not changed much over approximately the last _______ years?

Accepted Answer

A) 2 million 
B) 100,000 
C) 2 billion 
D) 4)6 billion 
A) 2 million 
B) 100,000 
C) 2 billion 
D) 4)6 billion

Question 12

Which of the following is not a clastic sedimentary environment?

Accepted Answer

A) alluvial 
B) beach 
C) delta 
D) evaporate 
A) alluvial 
B) beach 
C) delta 
D) evaporate

Question 13

Today reefs constructed mostly by corals.Which organisms made reefs before corals?

Accepted Answer

A) forams 
B) rudists 
C) oysters 
D) armoured fish 
A) forams 
B) rudists 
C) oysters 
D) armoured fish

Question 14

The study of sedimentary rocks helps geoscientists determine

Accepted Answer

A) ancient ocean environments. 
B) former plate tectonic events. 
C) history of climate change. 
D) ancient ocean environments,former plate tectonic events,and history of climate change. 
A) ancient ocean environments. 
B) former plate tectonic events. 
C) history of climate change. 
D) ancient ocean environments,former plate tectonic events,and history of climate change.

Question 15

Sedimentary processes take place

Accepted Answer

A) within Earth's interior. 
B) within Earth's atmosphere. 
C) at or near Earth's surface. 
D) within Earth's interior or atmosphere,or near Earth's surface. 
A) within Earth's interior. 
B) within Earth's atmosphere. 
C) at or near Earth's surface. 
D) within Earth's interior or atmosphere,or near Earth's surface.

Question 16

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Cementation and compaction both decrease porosity. 
B) Cementation increases porosity,whereas compaction decreases porosity. 
C) Cementation decreases porosity,whereas compaction increases porosity. 
D) Cementation and compaction both increase porosity. 
A) Cementation and compaction both decrease porosity. 
B) Cementation increases porosity,whereas compaction decreases porosity. 
C) Cementation decreases porosity,whereas compaction increases porosity. 
D) Cementation and compaction both increase porosity.

Question 17

The three main types of sediment are

Accepted Answer

A) siliciclastic,biological,chemical. 
B) bioclastic,chemical,granitic. 
C) clastic,fossiliferous,bioclastic. 
D) siliciclastic,erosional,ionic. 
A) siliciclastic,biological,chemical. 
B) bioclastic,chemical,granitic. 
C) clastic,fossiliferous,bioclastic. 
D) siliciclastic,erosional,ionic.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about transportation of sediment is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Smaller particles settle faster than larger particles. 
B) As a current slows,the largest particles start to settle. 
C) Faster currents carry larger particles than slower currents. 
D) Rivers and ocean currents move much more material than do air currents. 
A) Smaller particles settle faster than larger particles. 
B) As a current slows,the largest particles start to settle. 
C) Faster currents carry larger particles than slower currents. 
D) Rivers and ocean currents move much more material than do air currents.

Question 19

What is the most abundant nonclastic sediment?

Accepted Answer

A) carbonate 
B) chert 
C) coal 
D) halite 
A) carbonate 
B) chert 
C) coal 
D) halite

Question 20

Which of the following sets of processes is written in order of increasing temperature?

Accepted Answer

A) sedimentation,metamorphism,diagenesis 
B) diagenesis,sedimentation,metamorphism 
C) sedimentation,diagenesis,metamorphism 
D) metamorphism,diagenesis,sedimentation 
A) sedimentation,metamorphism,diagenesis 
B) diagenesis,sedimentation,metamorphism 
C) sedimentation,diagenesis,metamorphism 
D) metamorphism,diagenesis,sedimentation

Exam 5: Sedimentation: Rocks Formed by Surface Processes

What type of sediments are accumulations of solid fragments produced by weathering?

Which of the following fine-grained sedimentary rocks is clastic and displays blocky fracture and little or no bedding?

Which of the following minerals does not precipitate directly from seawater?

The tendency for variations in current velocity to segregate sediments on the basis of particle size is called

The major environments for sedimentary deposition are often grouped into

Which of the following rocks is composed of clay-sized clastic sediment?

What is the approximate temperature of sediment that is buried to a depth of 4 km?

What is the term for the process by which organisms burrow through muds and disrupt the sedimentary bedding?

Where do atolls form?

Research suggests that bulk seawater chemistry has not changed much over the last 1.8 billion years.This observation is supported by the study of what kind of sedimentary rock?

Research on marine evaporates indicates that bulk seawater chemistry has not changed much over approximately the last _______ years?

Which of the following is not a clastic sedimentary environment?

Today reefs constructed mostly by corals.Which organisms made reefs before corals?

The study of sedimentary rocks helps geoscientists determine

Sedimentary processes take place

Which of the following statements is true?

The three main types of sediment are

Which of the following statements about transportation of sediment is false?

What is the most abundant nonclastic sediment?

Which of the following sets of processes is written in order of increasing temperature?

The Earth System

Plate Tectonics: The Unifying Theory

Earth Materials: Minerals and Rocks

Igneous Rocks: Solids From Melts

Metamorphism: Alteration of Rocks by Temperature and Pressure

Deformation: Modification of Rocks by Folding and Fracturing

Clocks in Rocks: Timing the Geologic Period

Early History of the Terrestrial Planets

History of the Continents

Geobiology: Life Interacts With Earth

Volcanoes

Earthquakes

Exploring Earths Interior

The Climate System

Weathering,erosion,and Mass Wasting: Interactions Between the Climate and Plate Tectonic Systems

The Hydrologic Cycle and Groundwater

Stream Transport: From Mountains to Oceans

Winds and Deserts

Coastlines and Ocean Basins

Glaciers: the Work of Ice

Landscapes: Tectonic and Climate Interaction

The Human Impact of Earths Environment

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