Question 1

Historically, the development of ultrasound began shortly after:

Accepted Answer

A)  radio communication in World War I. 
B)  sonar in World War II. 
C)  nuclear testing in World War II. 
D)  the launching of Sputnik. 
A)  radio communication in World War I. 
B)  sonar in World War II. 
C)  nuclear testing in World War II. 
D)  the launching of Sputnik. B

Question 2

The higher the transducer frequency, the:

Accepted Answer

A)  shorter the wavelength. 
B)  faster the frame rate. 
C)  deeper the penetration depth. 
D)  slower the frame rate. 
A)  shorter the wavelength. 
B)  faster the frame rate. 
C)  deeper the penetration depth. 
D)  slower the frame rate. A

Question 3

The angle of reflection is equal to the:

Accepted Answer

A)  acoustic impedance. 
B)  angle of incidence. 
C)  refraction. 
D)  image resolution. 
A)  acoustic impedance. 
B)  angle of incidence. 
C)  refraction. 
D)  image resolution. B

Question 4

Visualization of the cardiac structures in the heart was discovered by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Joseph Holmes. 
B)  Ian Donald. 
C)  Hertz and Edler. 
D)  George Ludwig. 
A)  Joseph Holmes. 
B)  Ian Donald. 
C)  Hertz and Edler. 
D)  George Ludwig.

Question 5

The display mode that shows time along the horizontal axis and depth along the vertical axis is:

Accepted Answer

A)  A mode. 
B)  B mode. 
C)  M-mode. 
D)  real-time. 
A)  A mode. 
B)  B mode. 
C)  M-mode. 
D)  real-time.

Question 6

Which one of the following statements about the role of sonographers is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sonographers perform ultrasound studies and gather diagnostic data independent of the physician. 
B)  Sonographers must possess intellectual curiosity and perseverance. 
C)  Sonographers must have a technical aptitude. 
D)  Sonographers must be able to communicate on different levels. 
A)  Sonographers perform ultrasound studies and gather diagnostic data independent of the physician. 
B)  Sonographers must possess intellectual curiosity and perseverance. 
C)  Sonographers must have a technical aptitude. 
D)  Sonographers must be able to communicate on different levels.

Question 7

The early applications of obstetric ultrasound were initiated by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Joseph Holmes. 
B)  Ian Donald. 
C)  John Howry. 
D)  William Fry. 
A)  Joseph Holmes. 
B)  Ian Donald. 
C)  John Howry. 
D)  William Fry.

Question 8

Which one of the following statements about the Doppler principle is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Doppler refers to a change in frequency in which the motion of laminar or turbulent flow is detected within a vascular structure. 
B)  The beam should be perpendicular to the flow. 
C)  The Doppler shift is directly proportional to the velocity of the red blood cell. 
D)  If the red blood cell moves away from the transducer, then the fall in frequency is directly proportional to the velocity and direction of the red blood cell movement 
A)  Doppler refers to a change in frequency in which the motion of laminar or turbulent flow is detected within a vascular structure. 
B)  The beam should be perpendicular to the flow. 
C)  The Doppler shift is directly proportional to the velocity of the red blood cell. 
D)  If the red blood cell moves away from the transducer, then the fall in frequency is directly proportional to the velocity and direction of the red blood cell movement

Question 9

The device that converts energy from one form to another is called the:

Accepted Answer

A)  digitizer. 
B)  transducer. 
C)  scan converter. 
D)  beam former. 
A)  digitizer. 
B)  transducer. 
C)  scan converter. 
D)  beam former.

Question 10

Diagnostic ultrasound uses the frequencies of:

Accepted Answer

A)  10 to 15 kHz. 
B)  1 to 20 kHz. 
C)  100 to 1000 Hz. 
D)  1 to 20 MHz. 
A)  10 to 15 kHz. 
B)  1 to 20 kHz. 
C)  100 to 1000 Hz. 
D)  1 to 20 MHz.

Question 11

The Fresnel zone is also called the:

Accepted Answer

A)  far field. 
B)  focal point. 
C)  near zone. 
D)  Nyquist limit. 
A)  far field. 
B)  focal point. 
C)  near zone. 
D)  Nyquist limit.

Exam 1: Foundations of Clinical Sonography

Historically, the development of ultrasound began shortly after:

The higher the transducer frequency, the:

The angle of reflection is equal to the:

Visualization of the cardiac structures in the heart was discovered by:

The display mode that shows time along the horizontal axis and depth along the vertical axis is:

Which one of the following statements about the role of sonographers is false?

The early applications of obstetric ultrasound were initiated by:

Which one of the following statements about the Doppler principle is false?

The device that converts energy from one form to another is called the:

Diagnostic ultrasound uses the frequencies of:

The Fresnel zone is also called the:

Essentials of Patient Care for the Sonographer

Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Issues in Sonography

Anatomic and Physiologic Relationships Within the Abdominopelvic Cavity

Comparative Sectional Anatomy of the Abdominopelvic Cavity

Basic Ultrasound Imaging: Techniques, Terminology, and Tips

Imaging and Doppler Artifacts

Vascular System

Liver

Gallbladder and the Biliary System

Spleen

Pancreas

Gastrointestinal Tract

Peritoneal Cavity and Abdominal Wall

Urinary System

Retroperitoneum

Abdominal Applications of Ultrasound Contrast Agents

Ultrasound-Guided Interventional Techniques

Emergent Ultrasound Procedures

Sonographic Techniques in the Transplant Patient

Breast

Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands

Scrotum

Musculoskeletal System

Neonatal and Pediatric Abdomen

Neonatal and Pediatric Adrenal and Urinary System

Neonatal and Infant Head

Infant and Pediatric Hip

The Neonatal and Infant Spine

Anatomic and Physiologic Relationships Within the Thoracic Cavity

Understanding Hemodynamics

Introduction to Echocardiographic Techniques, Terminology, and Tips

Introduction to Clinical Echocardiography: Left-Sided Valvular Heart Disease

Introduction to Clinical Echocardiography: Pericardial Disease, Cardiomyopathies, and Tumors

Fetal Echocardiography: Beyond the Four Chambers

Fetal Echocardiography: Congenital Heart Disease

Extracranial Cerebrovascular Evaluation

Intracranial Cerebrovascular Evaluation

Peripheral Arterial Evaluation

Peripheral Venous Evaluation

Normal Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Pelvis

Sonographic and Doppler Evaluation of the Female Pelvis

Pathology of the Uterus

Pathology of the Ovaries

Pathology of the Adnexa

Role of Ultrasound in Evaluating Female Infertility

Role of Sonography in Obstetrics

Clinical Ethics for Obstetric Sonography

The Normal First Trimester

First-Trimester Complications

Sonography of the Second and Third Trimesters

Obstetric Measurements and Gestational Age

Fetal Growth Assessment by Sonography

Sonography and High-Risk Pregnancy

Prenatal Diagnosis of Congenital Anomalies

Placenta

Umbilical Cord

Amniotic Fluid and Fetal Membranes

Fetal Face and Neck

Fetal Neural Axis

Fetal Thorax

Fetal Anterior Abdominal Wall

Fetal Abdomen

Fetal Urogenital System

Fetal Skeleton

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