Question 1

The War of the Austrian Succession was a result of

Accepted Answer

A)  the death of Louis XV's son and the end of the royal bloodline. 
B)  conflict over whether the new ruler would name Catholicism or Protestantism as the national religion. 
C)  disagreement over who would rule following the end of the Seven Years' War. 
D)  competition among countries over the development of new agricultural technologies. 
E)  the objection of European powers to the succession of Charles VI's daughter. 
A)  the death of Louis XV's son and the end of the royal bloodline. 
B)  conflict over whether the new ruler would name Catholicism or Protestantism as the national religion. 
C)  disagreement over who would rule following the end of the Seven Years' War. 
D)  competition among countries over the development of new agricultural technologies. 
E)  the objection of European powers to the succession of Charles VI's daughter.

Question 2

How was the Enlightenment different from the Reformation?

Accepted Answer

A)  It did not create much opposition. 
B)  It largely spread through existing institutions and practices. 
C)  It had a clear starting date. 
D)  It took place as an organized movement. 
E)  It was not concerned with questions of religion. 
A)  It did not create much opposition. 
B)  It largely spread through existing institutions and practices. 
C)  It had a clear starting date. 
D)  It took place as an organized movement. 
E)  It was not concerned with questions of religion.

Question 3

Pietists, Hasidim, and Wesleyans all shared

Accepted Answer

A)  the desire to undermine established religion. 
B)  the rejection of a Christian God. 
C)  common theological views with deists. 
D)  a majority of charismatic female leaders. 
E)  the enthusiastic mood of religious revivalism. 
A)  the desire to undermine established religion. 
B)  the rejection of a Christian God. 
C)  common theological views with deists. 
D)  a majority of charismatic female leaders. 
E)  the enthusiastic mood of religious revivalism.

Question 4

The Enlightenment concept of "utilitarianism" advocated

Accepted Answer

A)  the utilization of traditions in government and all ways of life. 
B)  reliance on emotions in making decisions. 
C)  the measurement of value based on the greatest good for the greatest number of people. 
D)  the rejection of any concern for what is useful. 
E)  the use of the aristocracy to keep classes distinct and to grow the economy. 
A)  the utilization of traditions in government and all ways of life. 
B)  reliance on emotions in making decisions. 
C)  the measurement of value based on the greatest good for the greatest number of people. 
D)  the rejection of any concern for what is useful. 
E)  the use of the aristocracy to keep classes distinct and to grow the economy.

Question 5

What were the driving forces behind industrial expansion?

Accepted Answer

The dramatic changes in the countryside

Question 6

Which of the following statements correctly describes the reception of the most successful Enlightenment authors by the public?

Accepted Answer

A)  Although sought after by noble patrons, they managed to avoid support from them entirely. 
B)  They joined the ranks of celebrities of the time. 
C)  They never earned money from publishing their writings. 
D)  They experienced the same levels of reception as their seventeenth-century predecessors. 
E)  Although their works were read after their deaths, they largely went unnoticed at the time. 
A)  Although sought after by noble patrons, they managed to avoid support from them entirely. 
B)  They joined the ranks of celebrities of the time. 
C)  They never earned money from publishing their writings. 
D)  They experienced the same levels of reception as their seventeenth-century predecessors. 
E)  Although their works were read after their deaths, they largely went unnoticed at the time.

Question 7

Why is the line of thought that Rousseau helped develop called republicanism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Its supporters at the time strongly advocated replacing the monarchies under which they lived with republics. 
B)  It emphasized resistance to making patriotic sacrifices as the only way to achieve a common good. 
C)  It was inspired, in part, by the ideas enacted by the ancient republics. 
D)  Like the classical republics, it saw women as a crucial part of public life. 
E)  It was first inspired by the American revolutionaries who declared themselves a republic. 
A)  Its supporters at the time strongly advocated replacing the monarchies under which they lived with republics. 
B)  It emphasized resistance to making patriotic sacrifices as the only way to achieve a common good. 
C)  It was inspired, in part, by the ideas enacted by the ancient republics. 
D)  Like the classical republics, it saw women as a crucial part of public life. 
E)  It was first inspired by the American revolutionaries who declared themselves a republic.

Question 8

Literacy expanded dramatically, which meant that by 1800 in London and Paris,

Accepted Answer

A)  all citizens could read due to nationwide primary education. 
B)  nearly all adult males could read. 
C)  poor women were among those most likely to read novels. 
D)  government censorship of written materials had ended. 
E)  libraries were open to all. 
A)  all citizens could read due to nationwide primary education. 
B)  nearly all adult males could read. 
C)  poor women were among those most likely to read novels. 
D)  government censorship of written materials had ended. 
E)  libraries were open to all.

Question 9

How can you explain the rise of religious "enthusiasms"?

Accepted Answer

The growth of religious toleration in Eu

Question 10

How was the Enlightenment political rather than strictly intellectual? Did all Enlightenment thinkers have the same political beliefs?

Accepted Answer

The Enlightenment was political in that

Question 11

How did the poor, middle classes, and upper classes change-or stay the same-in urban areas from 1740 to 1780?

Accepted Answer

In urban areas during this period, the e

Question 12

Modern capitalism can at least in part trace it roots to agricultural expansion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

In the 1760s in the French city of Toulouse, a young Protestant named Marc-Antoine Calas died.His father was then found guilty of murder and brutally executed, following rumors he wanted to keep his son from becoming a Catholic.What does this episode reveal about the time period?

Accepted Answer

A)  Although on the whole brutal religious violence had become more rare, established religions could still punish so-called heretics like they had in the past. 
B)  Because established religions were greatly threatened by the spread of deism and in danger of dissolving, they often took desperate measures. 
C)  New religious revival movements were able to replace established religions of the time through their use of fear and violence. 
D)  Religious violence had become a part of daily life with the founding of Protestant religions in the eighteenth century. 
E)  Catholics were the most persecuted religious revivalist group because their religion had been founded on the basis of pietism. 
A)  Although on the whole brutal religious violence had become more rare, established religions could still punish so-called heretics like they had in the past. 
B)  Because established religions were greatly threatened by the spread of deism and in danger of dissolving, they often took desperate measures. 
C)  New religious revival movements were able to replace established religions of the time through their use of fear and violence. 
D)  Religious violence had become a part of daily life with the founding of Protestant religions in the eighteenth century. 
E)  Catholics were the most persecuted religious revivalist group because their religion had been founded on the basis of pietism.

Question 14

Why was it significant that novels had female readers in the eighteenth century?

Accepted Answer

A)  Novels enabled women's literacy rates to surpass those of men. 
B)  Without women, the novel would not have persisted as a genre because men at the time did not read novels. 
C)  Novels opened new psychological horizons beyond women's sheltered lives. 
D)  An occupying activity in itself, reading novels kept women from becoming writers. 
E)  Novels filled women's heads with dangerous fantasies. 
A)  Novels enabled women's literacy rates to surpass those of men. 
B)  Without women, the novel would not have persisted as a genre because men at the time did not read novels. 
C)  Novels opened new psychological horizons beyond women's sheltered lives. 
D)  An occupying activity in itself, reading novels kept women from becoming writers. 
E)  Novels filled women's heads with dangerous fantasies.

Question 15

At the outset of the Industrial Revolution, which of the following was true of London?

Accepted Answer

A)  It had all but eliminated homelessness. 
B)  Unlike poorer parts of Europe, it had little crime. 
C)  It had a successful welfare system. 
D)  It had no system of relief for the poor. 
E)  It had thousands of full-time beggars. 
A)  It had all but eliminated homelessness. 
B)  Unlike poorer parts of Europe, it had little crime. 
C)  It had a successful welfare system. 
D)  It had no system of relief for the poor. 
E)  It had thousands of full-time beggars.

Question 16

What is the basic idea behind the economic system supported by the philosopher Adam Smith that we now refer to as laissez-faire?

Accepted Answer

A)  Allowing private individuals to pursue wealth creates economic disaster. 
B)  Privately owned corporations and private individuals should control most economic activity. 
C)  Religious and secular authorities would be the most efficient in setting prices and profits. 
D)  Countries should put an end to divisions of labor and the specialization of workers. 
E)  The government and public corporations should be the primary regulators of the economy. 
A)  Allowing private individuals to pursue wealth creates economic disaster. 
B)  Privately owned corporations and private individuals should control most economic activity. 
C)  Religious and secular authorities would be the most efficient in setting prices and profits. 
D)  Countries should put an end to divisions of labor and the specialization of workers. 
E)  The government and public corporations should be the primary regulators of the economy.

Question 17

Which of the following statements describes an effect of the new religious "enthusiasms"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Established religions lost their official status as major religions for decades. 
B)  Established religions largely came to adopt the practices of deism. 
C)  Established religions retained their secular power despite the rise of new movements. 
D)  Established religions reinvented themselves and assumed the practices of pietism. 
E)  Established religions could no longer punish heretics. 
A)  Established religions lost their official status as major religions for decades. 
B)  Established religions largely came to adopt the practices of deism. 
C)  Established religions retained their secular power despite the rise of new movements. 
D)  Established religions reinvented themselves and assumed the practices of pietism. 
E)  Established religions could no longer punish heretics.

Question 18

Enlightenment thought spread widely thanks to

Accepted Answer

A)  writers' aiming for a popular audience. 
B)  its cohesiveness as a single current of thought. 
C)  the financial support of the Church. 
D)  writers' commitment to established authority. 
E)  a serious style of writing that avoided witticisms. 
A)  writers' aiming for a popular audience. 
B)  its cohesiveness as a single current of thought. 
C)  the financial support of the Church. 
D)  writers' commitment to established authority. 
E)  a serious style of writing that avoided witticisms.

Question 19

The idea of enlightened absolutism held that the Enlightenment was incompatible with absolute monarchy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Both the Wilkes affair and the events leading to the American Revolution concerned the demand for better representation in the British Parliament.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 15: Enlightenment: Challenging the Prevailing Order, 1740-1780

The War of the Austrian Succession was a result of

How was the Enlightenment different from the Reformation?

Pietists, Hasidim, and Wesleyans all shared

The Enlightenment concept of "utilitarianism" advocated

What were the driving forces behind industrial expansion?

Which of the following statements correctly describes the reception of the most successful Enlightenment authors by the public?

Why is the line of thought that Rousseau helped develop called republicanism?

Literacy expanded dramatically, which meant that by 1800 in London and Paris,

How can you explain the rise of religious "enthusiasms"?

How was the Enlightenment political rather than strictly intellectual? Did all Enlightenment thinkers have the same political beliefs?

How did the poor, middle classes, and upper classes change-or stay the same-in urban areas from 1740 to 1780?

Modern capitalism can at least in part trace it roots to agricultural expansion.

In the 1760s in the French city of Toulouse, a young Protestant named Marc-Antoine Calas died.His father was then found guilty of murder and brutally executed, following rumors he wanted to keep his son from becoming a Catholic.What does this episode reveal about the time period?

Why was it significant that novels had female readers in the eighteenth century?

At the outset of the Industrial Revolution, which of the following was true of London?

What is the basic idea behind the economic system supported by the philosopher Adam Smith that we now refer to as laissez-faire?

Which of the following statements describes an effect of the new religious "enthusiasms"?

Enlightenment thought spread widely thanks to

The idea of enlightened absolutism held that the Enlightenment was incompatible with absolute monarchy.

Both the Wilkes affair and the events leading to the American Revolution concerned the demand for better representation in the British Parliament.

Origins: the Near East, Egypt, and Greece, 12,000-600 Bce

The School of Greece: Greek Politics, Society, and Culture, 600-400 Bce

From Classical Greece to the Hellenistic World: Cultures in Contact, 400-30 Bce

Rome: Monarchy, Republic, and the Transition to Empire, 1000 Bce-14 Ce

The Roman Empire and the Rise of Christianity, 14-312 Ce

The Late Roman Empire and the Consolidation of the Church, 312-476

Between Worlds: Late Antiquity and the Making of the Middle Ages, 476-900

Europe Revived, 900-1200

Consolidation and Crisis: the High Middle Ages, 1200-1400

Renaissance Europe: a World Transformed, 1400-1500

Reformations: Protestant and Catholic, 1500-1600

Things Fall Apart: a Continent in Crisis, 1600-1640

Ordering the World: New Forms of Authority and Knowledge, 1640-1680

From Court to City: Emerging Cultures, 1680-1740

Revolution: Liberty and Terror, 1780-1799

The Age of Napoleon: Empire and Resistance, 1799-1820

Acceleration: the Age of Industry, 1820-1845

Growing Pains: Social and Political Upheavals, 1845-1880

Apogee: Imperial Rivalry and Global Power, 1880-1910

Things Blow Up: World War I and the Russian Revolution, 1910-1922

Ideologies: the Triumph of Political Extremes, 1922-1940

The Abyss: World War Ii and the Holocaust, 1940-1945

Recovery and Cold War: Rebuilding a Divided Continent, 1945-1973

Reunion: European Unification and the End of the Cold War, 1973-1999

Under Pressure: Europes Uncertain Present, Since 2000

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