Chat with AIExam 5: The Building Blocks of Social Scientific Research: Measurement
The __________ method of measuring reliability involves two measures of the same concept, with both measures applied at the same time. The results of the two measures are then compared.
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________ validity involves determining the full domain or meaning of a particular concept and then making sure that measures of all portions of this domain are included in the measurement technique.
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What is the difference between a Likert scale and a Guttman scale?
(33) VerifiedA Likert scale score is calculated from the scores obtained on individual items. Each item generally asks a respondent to indicate a degree of agreement or disagreement with the item, as with the abortion questions discussed earlier. A Likert scale differs from an index, however, in that once the scores on each of the items are obtained, only some of the items are selected for inclusion in the calculation of the final score. Those items that allow a researcher to distinguish most readily those scoring high on an attribute from those scoring low will be retained, and a new scale score will be calculated based only on those items. The Guttman scale also uses a series of items to produce a scale score for respondents. Unlike the Likert scale, however, a Guttman scale presents respondents with a range of attitude choices that are increasingly difficult to agree with; that is, the items composing the scale range from those easy to agree with to those difficult to agree with. Respondents who agree with one of the "more difficult" attitude items will also generally agree with the "less difficult" ones.
Please define a summation index and give a detailed example of how you would use a summation scale to create a variable of your choice.
(36) Which level of measurement below best describes a variable for which the assigned values represent only different categories or classifications for that variable?
(37) Deciding how to measure the presence, absence, or amount of concepts in the real world for use in an empirical investigation is the process of providing a(n) ________________ definition.
(33) _______________ tests validity by relying on the similarity of outcomes of more than one measure of a concept to demonstrate the validity of the entire measurement scheme.
(36) A variable that measures education in number of years is an example of the _________ level of measurement.
(30) A __________ is a method of accumulating scores on individual items to form a composite measure of a complex phenomenon.
(36) A variable that measures education on a scale that includes (0) none, (1) less than college, (2) college, (3) more than college, is an example of the _________ level of measurement.
(45) Generally speaking, political scientists prefer more precision in measurement to less. But, how can too much precision be a bad thing when it comes to measurement?
(41) Which type of validity involves two measures which theoretically are expected not to be related and thus the correlation between them is expected to be low or weak?
(37) A ___________ is a multi-item measure in which respondents are presented with increasingly difficult measures of approval for an attitude
(35) Why are reliability and validity threats to the accuracy of measures? In your answer please define both terms.
(37) The results of interitem association tests are often displayed in a ________. Such a display shows how strongly related each of the items in the measurement scheme is to all the other items.
(44) Which type of validity is demonstrated when a measure of a concept is related to a measure of another concept with which the original concept is thought to be related?
(30) A ____________ measure is one that yields the same results on repeated trials.
(43) The ____________ method of measuring reliability also involves measuring the same attribute more than once, but it uses two different measures of the same concept rather than the same measure.
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