Exam 1: Introduction to Data

The average gas mileage of the top selling mini- vans for each U. S. car manufacturer is an example of what type of variable?

In a sample of 775 senior citizens, approximately 67% said that they had seen a television commercial for life insurance. About how many senior citizens is this?

Consider the statement "Data are numbers in context." Consider a randomly selected group of newborn babies born in a large city. Describe one possible type of numerical data that could be reported about this group that might be of interest to obstetricians.

Time Magazine online posted an article that claims that a long work commute (45 minutes or more)is harmful to overall well- being and can contribute to obesity, stress, and loneliness ? HYPERLINK "http://www.healthland.time.com/2011)" ?(www.healthland.time.com/2011). ?Is this more likely to be an observational study or a controlled experiment? Why? Can the reader conclude that taking a job with a long commute will result in poorer health?

A group of adults was given a new high protein breakfast bar then asked to record their level of alertness just before lunchtime. In this example, is the treatment variable and is the outcome variable.

Explain the difference between an observational study and an anecdote. Be sure to provide an example of each.

A group of cancer patients is divided into two groups. One group is given a new drug to fight the side effects of chemotherapy and the other group is given a placebo. After three months they are asked to respond to a questionnaire about the frequency and severity of their side effects to see whether the new drug improved the overall negative side effects of chemotherapy.

Explain what a categorical variable is and give an example of a categorical variable.

Choose the best answer to complete the statement: "In a statistical context, the term variable is used. . ."

A group of students is divided into two groups. One group listens to classical music while taking a math test and the other group takes the test in silence. The average test scores of the two groups are compared to see whether listening to music during a math test has an effect on scores.

In a survey, high school graduates were asked "Did you play sports in high school?" The response was electronically recorded as a "1" for yes and a "0" for no. This is an example of .

In a study of National Hockey League statistics, the data of Stanley cups wins per team and the number of fights on the ice during Stanley cup play- off games was compared. It is found that there is a positive correlation between the number of fights on the ice of a NHL team and the number of Stanley cup wins for that team. That is, NHL teams with more fights on the ice tend to have more Stanley cups. A sportscaster makes the following statement: "If a team wants to win a Stanley cup the players should start as many fights on the ice as possible." What is wrong with the sportscaster's statement?

What is the approximate percentage of women who participated in this study?

A group of college students was given a new energy drink then asked to record their level of alertness at midday. In this example, is the treatment variable and is the outcome variable.

Consider the following statement, "In a nationwide study, children on an all- organic diet are more alert in school than those not on an all- organic diet." Which of the following is a plausible confounding variable in this study?

Which of the following is not an example of data?

Answer the question using the following table showing fatal injury counts by four major categories from 2004- 2009 for Michigan Residents. The table shows total counts for all ages and both sexes. -Was this data collected using an observational study or a controlled experiment?

Based on this sample, are women more or less likely to oppose the helmet law than men?

What is the approximate percentage of study participants who are women in this study who said that they prefer to drive a SUV to driving a compact car?

The two- way table below shows the survey results when sixty adults were asked whether they had made a clothing purchase in the last thirty days. -Of the adult males surveyed, what percentage had made a clothing purchase in the last thirty days?