Question 1

Detritivores obtain their food from dead and discarded organic matter.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

Only a small percentage of vascular plants have mycorrhizal associations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

When the two species are grown together, Lemna polyrhiza is replaced by Lemna gibba because L.gibba outcompetes L.polyrhiza for:

Accepted Answer

A) light. 
B) space. 
C) carbon dioxide. 
D) oxygen. 
E) minerals. 
A) light. 
B) space. 
C) carbon dioxide. 
D) oxygen. 
E) minerals. A

Question 4

_______ are primary consumers.

Accepted Answer

A) Ferns 
B) Phytoplankton 
C) Lions and tigers 
D) Cows and sheep 
E) Chemosynthesizers 
A) Ferns 
B) Phytoplankton 
C) Lions and tigers 
D) Cows and sheep 
E) Chemosynthesizers

Question 5

After the cactus moth was introduced in Australia, what was the effect on the prickly-pear cactus?

Accepted Answer

A) The cacti were able to flower. 
B) The cacti produced toxic chemicals. 
C) The cactus population was vastly reduced. 
D) The cactus population was completely wiped out. 
E) The cacti were more widely available to grazing animals. 
A) The cacti were able to flower. 
B) The cacti produced toxic chemicals. 
C) The cactus population was vastly reduced. 
D) The cactus population was completely wiped out. 
E) The cacti were more widely available to grazing animals.

Question 6

According to the principle of competitive exclusion, two species with similar requirements:

Accepted Answer

A) generally grow to the same height. 
B) generally photosynthesize at the same rate. 
C) cannot take up water equally well. 
D) cannot photosynthesize equally well. 
E) cannot coexist indefinitely in the same habitat. 
A) generally grow to the same height. 
B) generally photosynthesize at the same rate. 
C) cannot take up water equally well. 
D) cannot photosynthesize equally well. 
E) cannot coexist indefinitely in the same habitat.

Question 7

An example of interference competition is:

Accepted Answer

A) bears competing for food. 
B) earthworms competing for oxygen. 
C) plants competing for water. 
D) plants competing for minerals. 
E) birds competing for territory. 
A) bears competing for food. 
B) earthworms competing for oxygen. 
C) plants competing for water. 
D) plants competing for minerals. 
E) birds competing for territory.

Question 8

A windstorm can cause a "gap" but a prairie dog cannot.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

When ants of the genus Pseudomyrmex were removed from bull's-horn acacia trees, the trees:

Accepted Answer

A) usually died. 
B) were unaffected. 
C) grew taller. 
D) lived longer. 
E) produced thorns. 
A) usually died. 
B) were unaffected. 
C) grew taller. 
D) lived longer. 
E) produced thorns.

Question 10

In the undisturbed Hubbard Brook forest, scientists detected:

Accepted Answer

A) considerable loss of nutrients by leaching. 
B) considerable addition of nutrients from dissolving bedrock. 
C) considerable inefficiency in conserving minerals. 
D) a slight annual gain of nitrogen and potassium. 
E) a slight annual gain of calcium. 
A) considerable loss of nutrients by leaching. 
B) considerable addition of nutrients from dissolving bedrock. 
C) considerable inefficiency in conserving minerals. 
D) a slight annual gain of nitrogen and potassium. 
E) a slight annual gain of calcium.

Question 11

An herbivore is a primary consumer; a carnivore is a secondary consumer.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

In response to Gypsy moth attack, defoliated oak trees produce new leaves with higher tannin levels than normal.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

An example of secondary succession is:

Accepted Answer

A) lichens colonizing bare rock. 
B) mosses colonizing lava after a volcanic eruption. 
C) shrubs colonizing a weedy field. 
D) trees colonizing a grassy meadow. 
E) grasses colonizing a moss-covered rock. 
A) lichens colonizing bare rock. 
B) mosses colonizing lava after a volcanic eruption. 
C) shrubs colonizing a weedy field. 
D) trees colonizing a grassy meadow. 
E) grasses colonizing a moss-covered rock.

Question 14

Energy is recycled in an ecosystem.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Nonprairie species are prevented by ______ from encroaching on prairie ecosystems.

Accepted Answer

A) wind 
B) fire 
C) rainfall 
D) herbivores 
E) low temperature 
A) wind 
B) fire 
C) rainfall 
D) herbivores 
E) low temperature

Question 16

Which of the following statements about mycorrhizal associations is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Mycorrhizal fungi grow in or on roots. 
B) Mycorrhizal fungi can be species that simply grow near roots. 
C) They are found in most vascular plants. 
D) They are mutualistic associations. 
E) They can be highly specific. 
A) Mycorrhizal fungi grow in or on roots. 
B) Mycorrhizal fungi can be species that simply grow near roots. 
C) They are found in most vascular plants. 
D) They are mutualistic associations. 
E) They can be highly specific.

Question 17

The transition from sugar pine to white fir forests in California was caused mainly by:

Accepted Answer

A) volcanic eruptions. 
B) frequent earthquakes. 
C) logging. 
D) reduced numbers of forest fires. 
E) reduced numbers of settlers. 
A) volcanic eruptions. 
B) frequent earthquakes. 
C) logging. 
D) reduced numbers of forest fires. 
E) reduced numbers of settlers.

Question 18

According to the cooperative model for an ecosystem, herbivores do not do irreparable harm to plants.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

An example of a parasitoid is a wasp.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Higher plants are usually the first to become established on bare rock.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 31: The Dynamics of Communities and Ecosystems

Detritivores obtain their food from dead and discarded organic matter.

Only a small percentage of vascular plants have mycorrhizal associations.

When the two species are grown together, Lemna polyrhiza is replaced by Lemna gibba because L.gibba outcompetes L.polyrhiza for:

_______ are primary consumers.

After the cactus moth was introduced in Australia, what was the effect on the prickly-pear cactus?

According to the principle of competitive exclusion, two species with similar requirements:

An example of interference competition is:

A windstorm can cause a "gap" but a prairie dog cannot.

When ants of the genus Pseudomyrmex were removed from bull's-horn acacia trees, the trees:

In the undisturbed Hubbard Brook forest, scientists detected:

An herbivore is a primary consumer; a carnivore is a secondary consumer.

In response to Gypsy moth attack, defoliated oak trees produce new leaves with higher tannin levels than normal.

An example of secondary succession is:

Energy is recycled in an ecosystem.

Nonprairie species are prevented by ______ from encroaching on prairie ecosystems.

Which of the following statements about mycorrhizal associations is FALSE?

The transition from sugar pine to white fir forests in California was caused mainly by:

According to the cooperative model for an ecosystem, herbivores do not do irreparable harm to plants.

An example of a parasitoid is a wasp.

Higher plants are usually the first to become established on bare rock.

Botany: an Introduction

The Molecular Composition of Plant Cells

The Plant Cell and the Cell Cycle

The Movement of Substances Into and Out of Cells

The Flow of Energy

Respiration

Photosynthesis, Light, and Life

Sexual Reproduction and Heredity

The Chemistry of Heredity and Gene Expression

Recombinant Dna Technology, Plant Biotechnology, and Genomics

The Process of Evolution

Systematics: the Science of Biological Diversity

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Fungi

Protists: Algae and Heterotrophic Protists

Bryophytes

Seedless Vascular Plants

Gymnosperms

Introduction to the Angiosperms

Evolution of the Angiosperms

Plants and People

Early Development of the Plant Body

Cells and Tissues of the Plant Body

The Root: Structure and Development

The Shoot: Primary Structure and Development

Secondary Growth in Stems

Regulating Growth and Development: the Plant Hormones

External Factors and Plant Growth

Plant Nutrition and Soils

The Movement of Water and Solutes in Plants

Global Ecology

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