Question 1

In Arabidopsis, the protoderm originates from the:

Accepted Answer

A) L2 layer. 
B) L3 layer. 
C) outermost tunica layer. 
D) corpus. 
E) cortex. 
A) L2 layer. 
B) L3 layer. 
C) outermost tunica layer. 
D) corpus. 
E) cortex. C

Question 2

In eudicot leaves, the minor veins are initiated at the base of the leaf and develop upward toward the tip.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

A leaf trace extends between the leaf and a:

Accepted Answer

A) sympodium. 
B) stem bundle. 
C) leaf trace gap. 
D) stem bundle gap. 
E) bud primordium. 
A) sympodium. 
B) stem bundle. 
C) leaf trace gap. 
D) stem bundle gap. 
E) bud primordium. B

Question 4

In most monocots, the base of the leaf is expanded into a ______.

Accepted Answer

A) blade. 
B) stipule. 
C) sheath. 
D) lamina. 
E) petiole. 
A) blade. 
B) stipule. 
C) sheath. 
D) lamina. 
E) petiole.

Question 5

Sun and shade leaves can be found on the same plant.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which of the following statements about palisade parenchyma is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) It is lacking in the leaves of maize and other grasses. 
B) It is usually located on the lower side of the leaf. 
C) It consists of columnar cells. 
D) It is where most of the photosynthesis in the leaf occurs. 
E) It is part of the mesophyll. 
A) It is lacking in the leaves of maize and other grasses. 
B) It is usually located on the lower side of the leaf. 
C) It consists of columnar cells. 
D) It is where most of the photosynthesis in the leaf occurs. 
E) It is part of the mesophyll.

Question 7

The studies of homeotic mutations in Arabidopsis initially identified _____ classes of genes essential to normal flower development, but this model has recently been expanded to ____ gene classes.

Accepted Answer

A) 2; 3 
B) 2; 4 
C) 3; 4 
D) 3; 5 
E) 3; 6 
A) 2; 3 
B) 2; 4 
C) 3; 4 
D) 3; 5 
E) 3; 6

Question 8

In most monocot but not eudicot stems, it is possible to distinguish cortex from pith.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Pith rays are composed of parenchyma cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The current model for gene classes that affect flower development is called the ABCD model.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

In leaves, intercalary growth occurs by:

Accepted Answer

A) cell division alone throughout the petiole. 
B) cell division and cell enlargement throughout the petiole. 
C) cell enlargement alone throughout the blade. 
D) cell division alone throughout the blade. 
E) cell division and cell enlargement throughout the blade. 
A) cell division alone throughout the petiole. 
B) cell division and cell enlargement throughout the petiole. 
C) cell enlargement alone throughout the blade. 
D) cell division alone throughout the blade. 
E) cell division and cell enlargement throughout the blade.

Question 12

Unlike the leaves of eudicots, most monocot leaves:

Accepted Answer

A) undergo secondary growth. 
B) have veins containing xylem and phloem. 
C) have veins arranged in a branching pattern. 
D) have netted venation. 
E) have parallel venation. 
A) undergo secondary growth. 
B) have veins containing xylem and phloem. 
C) have veins arranged in a branching pattern. 
D) have netted venation. 
E) have parallel venation.

Question 13

Unlike C3 grasses, C4 grasses have leaves:

Accepted Answer

A) with mesophyll and bundle-sheath cells in two concentric layers. 
B) with an interveinal distance of more than four cells. 
C) without Kranz anatomy. 
D) with a mestome sheath. 
E) with small bundle-sheath cells containing small chloroplasts. 
A) with mesophyll and bundle-sheath cells in two concentric layers. 
B) with an interveinal distance of more than four cells. 
C) without Kranz anatomy. 
D) with a mestome sheath. 
E) with small bundle-sheath cells containing small chloroplasts.

Question 14

A plant with helical phyllotaxy has:

Accepted Answer

A) opposite leaves. 
B) a decussate leaf arrangement. 
C) one leaf per node, arranged in two opposite ranks. 
D) one leaf per node, arranged spirally. 
E) three or more leaves per node. 
A) opposite leaves. 
B) a decussate leaf arrangement. 
C) one leaf per node, arranged in two opposite ranks. 
D) one leaf per node, arranged spirally. 
E) three or more leaves per node.

Question 15

Which of the following events is NOT associated with leaf abscission?

Accepted Answer

A) Formation of tyloses 
B) Formation of a suberized protective layer 
C) Cell division 
D) Enzymatic breakdown of cell walls 
E) Return of reusable substances to the leaf 
A) Formation of tyloses 
B) Formation of a suberized protective layer 
C) Cell division 
D) Enzymatic breakdown of cell walls 
E) Return of reusable substances to the leaf

Question 16

A stolon is different from a rhizome in that a stolon:

Accepted Answer

A) is a leaf. 
B) is a stem. 
C) is a root. 
D) grows aboveground. 
E) grows underground. 
A) is a leaf. 
B) is a stem. 
C) is a root. 
D) grows aboveground. 
E) grows underground.

Question 17

The initials of the corpus tunica-corpus usually divide anticlinally.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which of the following events does NOT occur in a shoot apex during flower development?

Accepted Answer

A) A change from determinate to indeterminate growth 
B) Elongation of the internodes 
C) Early development of lateral buds below the apex 
D) An increase in mitosis 
E) A change in shape of the apex to broad and dome-like 
A) A change from determinate to indeterminate growth 
B) Elongation of the internodes 
C) Early development of lateral buds below the apex 
D) An increase in mitosis 
E) A change in shape of the apex to broad and dome-like

Question 19

Extensions of vascular tissues into the leaves from the stem are called:

Accepted Answer

A) leaf traces. 
B) leaf trace gaps. 
C) branch traces. 
D) stem bundles. 
E) sympodia. 
A) leaf traces. 
B) leaf trace gaps. 
C) branch traces. 
D) stem bundles. 
E) sympodia.

Question 20

Plants that are characterized as xerophytes:

Accepted Answer

A) are adapted to areas that are neither too wet nor too dry. 
B) are adapted to dry habitats. 
C) grow wholly or partly submerged. 
D) usually have fewer stomata than other types of plants. 
E) may lack stomata in some leaves. 
A) are adapted to areas that are neither too wet nor too dry. 
B) are adapted to dry habitats. 
C) grow wholly or partly submerged. 
D) usually have fewer stomata than other types of plants. 
E) may lack stomata in some leaves.

Exam 25: The Shoot: Primary Structure and Development

In Arabidopsis, the protoderm originates from the:

In eudicot leaves, the minor veins are initiated at the base of the leaf and develop upward toward the tip.

A leaf trace extends between the leaf and a:

In most monocots, the base of the leaf is expanded into a ______.

Sun and shade leaves can be found on the same plant.

Which of the following statements about palisade parenchyma is FALSE?

The studies of homeotic mutations in Arabidopsis initially identified _____ classes of genes essential to normal flower development, but this model has recently been expanded to ____ gene classes.

In most monocot but not eudicot stems, it is possible to distinguish cortex from pith.

Pith rays are composed of parenchyma cells.

The current model for gene classes that affect flower development is called the ABCD model.

In leaves, intercalary growth occurs by:

Unlike the leaves of eudicots, most monocot leaves:

Unlike C3 grasses, C4 grasses have leaves:

A plant with helical phyllotaxy has:

Which of the following events is NOT associated with leaf abscission?

A stolon is different from a rhizome in that a stolon:

The initials of the corpus tunica-corpus usually divide anticlinally.

Which of the following events does NOT occur in a shoot apex during flower development?

Extensions of vascular tissues into the leaves from the stem are called:

Plants that are characterized as xerophytes:

Botany: an Introduction

The Molecular Composition of Plant Cells

The Plant Cell and the Cell Cycle

The Movement of Substances Into and Out of Cells

The Flow of Energy

Respiration

Photosynthesis, Light, and Life

Sexual Reproduction and Heredity

The Chemistry of Heredity and Gene Expression

Recombinant Dna Technology, Plant Biotechnology, and Genomics

The Process of Evolution

Systematics: the Science of Biological Diversity

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Fungi

Protists: Algae and Heterotrophic Protists

Bryophytes

Seedless Vascular Plants

Gymnosperms

Introduction to the Angiosperms

Evolution of the Angiosperms

Plants and People

Early Development of the Plant Body

Cells and Tissues of the Plant Body

The Root: Structure and Development

Secondary Growth in Stems

Regulating Growth and Development: the Plant Hormones

External Factors and Plant Growth

Plant Nutrition and Soils

The Movement of Water and Solutes in Plants

The Dynamics of Communities and Ecosystems

Global Ecology

Filters

The studies of homeotic mutations in Arabidopsis initially identified _ classes of genes essential to normal flower development, but this model has recently been expanded to gene classes.

Unlike C₃ grasses, C₄ grasses have leaves: