Question 1

Emergent norm theory focuses on:

Accepted Answer

A)  normative behaviour that is collectively negotiated by individuals' stress. 
B)  collective action as norm-governed behaviour within an initially normless crowd. 
C)  how leaders emerge in initially normless crowds to create order. 
D)  the breakdown of established norms and their replacement by new ones. 
A)  normative behaviour that is collectively negotiated by individuals' stress. 
B)  collective action as norm-governed behaviour within an initially normless crowd. 
C)  how leaders emerge in initially normless crowds to create order. 
D)  the breakdown of established norms and their replacement by new ones. B

Question 2

Developed more formally for intergroup conflict by Davis (1959) 'relative deprivation' refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  military intervention in a foreign country. 
B)  poor pay and food. 
C)  a discrepancy between expectations and attainments. 
D)  lack of sex. 
A)  military intervention in a foreign country. 
B)  poor pay and food. 
C)  a discrepancy between expectations and attainments. 
D)  lack of sex. C

Question 3

An accentuation of intergroup differences produced by social categorisation:

Accepted Answer

A)  is particularly strong where there are clear boundaries between groups. 
B)  occurs predominantly on dimensions that favour the outgroup. 
C)  can be most successfully accomplished through the media. 
D)  is amplified when there is a strong need to differentiate the groups. 
A)  is particularly strong where there are clear boundaries between groups. 
B)  occurs predominantly on dimensions that favour the outgroup. 
C)  can be most successfully accomplished through the media. 
D)  is amplified when there is a strong need to differentiate the groups. D

Question 4

Kelly and Breinlinger (1996) conducted a longitudinal study examining women's involvement in women's group activities. They found that:

Accepted Answer

A)  relative deprivation reliably predicted involvement in women's group activities across all participants. 
B)  relative deprivation reliably predicted involvement in women's group activities but only in women who strongly identified with women's groups. 
C)  relative deprivation reliably predicted involvement in women's group activities but only in women who did not strongly identify with women's groups. 
D)  relative deprivation was not found to reliably predict involvement in women's group activities. 
A)  relative deprivation reliably predicted involvement in women's group activities across all participants. 
B)  relative deprivation reliably predicted involvement in women's group activities but only in women who strongly identified with women's groups. 
C)  relative deprivation reliably predicted involvement in women's group activities but only in women who did not strongly identify with women's groups. 
D)  relative deprivation was not found to reliably predict involvement in women's group activities.

Question 5

The relative homogeneity effect refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  policies aimed at closing the gaps between minorities and the dominant group. 
B)  the process of estimating individuals' similarities relative to a standard. 
C)  the tendency to view ingroup members as more differentiated than outgroup members. 
D)  higher level analyses of a group that focus on commonalities rather than individual differences. 
A)  policies aimed at closing the gaps between minorities and the dominant group. 
B)  the process of estimating individuals' similarities relative to a standard. 
C)  the tendency to view ingroup members as more differentiated than outgroup members. 
D)  higher level analyses of a group that focus on commonalities rather than individual differences.

Question 6

Gene sees aspects of his life as a balancing act. He frequently finds that there is a fine line between being part of the gang and expressing his individuality. What Gene is striving to achieve is:

Accepted Answer

A)  optimal distinctiveness. 
B)  relative homogeneity. 
C)  the metacontrast principle. 
D)  social mobility. 
A)  optimal distinctiveness. 
B)  relative homogeneity. 
C)  the metacontrast principle. 
D)  social mobility.

Question 7

Social creativity is a type of strategy to improve social identity when:

Accepted Answer

A)  there are cognitive alternatives available to induce social change. 
B)  individuals can assimilate into a high-status group through various methods. 
C)  there are no cognitive alternatives available to induce social change. 
D)  there are artistically-oriented people in charge. 
A)  there are cognitive alternatives available to induce social change. 
B)  individuals can assimilate into a high-status group through various methods. 
C)  there are no cognitive alternatives available to induce social change. 
D)  there are artistically-oriented people in charge.

Question 8

Helga has been living here for almost a decade now. Despite her German accent she sees herself as a local. Her group identification is at the core of:

Accepted Answer

A)  self-categorisation. 
B)  groupthink. 
C)  identity loss. 
D)  deindividuation. 
A)  self-categorisation. 
B)  groupthink. 
C)  identity loss. 
D)  deindividuation.

Question 9

In contrast to other explanations of prejudice and discrimination, Sherif stressed the role of:

Accepted Answer

A)  interpersonal processes. 
B)  personality traits. 
C)  intergroup relations. 
D)  governmental politics. 
A)  interpersonal processes. 
B)  personality traits. 
C)  intergroup relations. 
D)  governmental politics.

Question 10

When a conflict between groups is referred to a neutral third party for resolution and the imposition of a mutually binding settlement, the process is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  conciliation. 
B)  mediation. 
C)  arbitration. 
D)  bargaining. 
A)  conciliation. 
B)  mediation. 
C)  arbitration. 
D)  bargaining.

Question 11

What is a limitation of the various studies examining realistic conflict theory (e.g., Sherif's summer camp studies)?

Accepted Answer

A)  There are a large number of variables operating together in these studies and thus the causal agents of the intergroup behaviour are confounded 
B)  The studies were conducted a long time ago and need to be replicated to verify that this effect of realistic conflict theory still exists 
C)  The boys in the camp all had authoritarian personalities 
D)  Shared goals do not improve intergroup relations 
A)  There are a large number of variables operating together in these studies and thus the causal agents of the intergroup behaviour are confounded 
B)  The studies were conducted a long time ago and need to be replicated to verify that this effect of realistic conflict theory still exists 
C)  The boys in the camp all had authoritarian personalities 
D)  Shared goals do not improve intergroup relations

Question 12

The free-rider effect occurs when people:

Accepted Answer

A)  take buses instead of drive cars. 
B)  use train concession cards. 
C)  cause costs to others by pursuing their self-interest. 
D)  indulge in car-pooling. 
A)  take buses instead of drive cars. 
B)  use train concession cards. 
C)  cause costs to others by pursuing their self-interest. 
D)  indulge in car-pooling.

Question 13

According to distinctiveness-based illusory correlation, which of the following would a person be more likely to remember?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mayor Smith walking down the street with a cane 
B)  A minority staring at expensive jewellery in the window of a shop 
C)  A child walking around his mother while she is talking 
D)  A woman walking her dog on a leash 
A)  Mayor Smith walking down the street with a cane 
B)  A minority staring at expensive jewellery in the window of a shop 
C)  A child walking around his mother while she is talking 
D)  A woman walking her dog on a leash

Question 14

Sherif (1962) argues in his 'realistic conflict theory' that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the mere presence of another group should improve intergroup relations. 
B)  shared goals between groups reduce intergroup conflict. 
C)  simple contact between members of opposing groups can improve intergroup relations. 
D)  superordinate goals take group conflict to a higher level. 
A)  the mere presence of another group should improve intergroup relations. 
B)  shared goals between groups reduce intergroup conflict. 
C)  simple contact between members of opposing groups can improve intergroup relations. 
D)  superordinate goals take group conflict to a higher level.

Question 15

Sam joins a psychology study group at the start of semester. Each week the group members share the notes they took during classes, as well as interesting articles they have found. However, each week Sam claims to have been too sick or busy during the week to go to class or to take any notes. As such, Sam takes a copy of everyone else's notes from the study group but never contributes anything to the group himself. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  the free-rider effect. 
B)  relative deprivation. 
C)  the commons dilemma. 
D)  public goods dilemma. 
A)  the free-rider effect. 
B)  relative deprivation. 
C)  the commons dilemma. 
D)  public goods dilemma.

Question 16

Group-based behavioural strategies can make individuals' social identity more positive. One way is to confront the dominant group's position directly. This is:

Accepted Answer

A)  social competition. 
B)  revolution. 
C)  intergroup confrontation. 
D)  social mobility. 
A)  social competition. 
B)  revolution. 
C)  intergroup confrontation. 
D)  social mobility.

Question 17

A common method to study realistic conflict theory involves using a two-person game in which both parties are torn between competition and cooperation and, depending on mutual choices, both parties can win or both can lose. An appropriate paradigm to create this situation experimentally would be:

Accepted Answer

A)  the soldier game and the prisoner's dilemma. 
B)  the prisoner's dilemma and the uncommon attitudes. 
C)  the trucking game and the common game. 
D)  the prisoner's dilemma and the trucking game. 
A)  the soldier game and the prisoner's dilemma. 
B)  the prisoner's dilemma and the uncommon attitudes. 
C)  the trucking game and the common game. 
D)  the prisoner's dilemma and the trucking game.

Question 18

SIDE is a social identity approach to understanding:

Accepted Answer

A)  good things that often happen inside a crowd. 
B)  gossip that takes place on the side. 
C)  deindividuation phenomena. 
D)  Seriously Individual DEviants. 
A)  good things that often happen inside a crowd. 
B)  gossip that takes place on the side. 
C)  deindividuation phenomena. 
D)  Seriously Individual DEviants.

Question 19

Cooperative activities, equal status and institutional support comprise:

Accepted Answer

A)  ways to increase hostility between groups. 
B)  ways to avoid deindividuation. 
C)  Allport's conditions for optimal contact. 
D)  conditions affecting social identity. 
A)  ways to increase hostility between groups. 
B)  ways to avoid deindividuation. 
C)  Allport's conditions for optimal contact. 
D)  conditions affecting social identity.

Question 20

Are there any solutions to social dilemmas? Brewer and colleagues identified a condition where individuals cooperate for the preservation of the common good, namely, when they:

Accepted Answer

A)  have regulations to punish those who abuse common goods. 
B)  derive their social identity from the group with access to the resource. 
C)  negotiate behavioural guidelines for all members. 
D)  understand the detrimental consequences of their actions. 
A)  have regulations to punish those who abuse common goods. 
B)  derive their social identity from the group with access to the resource. 
C)  negotiate behavioural guidelines for all members. 
D)  understand the detrimental consequences of their actions.

Emergent norm theory focuses on:

Developed more formally for intergroup conflict by Davis (1959) 'relative deprivation' refers to:

An accentuation of intergroup differences produced by social categorisation:

Kelly and Breinlinger (1996) conducted a longitudinal study examining women's involvement in women's group activities. They found that:

The relative homogeneity effect refers to:

Gene sees aspects of his life as a balancing act. He frequently finds that there is a fine line between being part of the gang and expressing his individuality. What Gene is striving to achieve is:

Social creativity is a type of strategy to improve social identity when:

Helga has been living here for almost a decade now. Despite her German accent she sees herself as a local. Her group identification is at the core of:

In contrast to other explanations of prejudice and discrimination, Sherif stressed the role of:

When a conflict between groups is referred to a neutral third party for resolution and the imposition of a mutually binding settlement, the process is called:

What is a limitation of the various studies examining realistic conflict theory (e.g., Sherif's summer camp studies)?

The free-rider effect occurs when people:

According to distinctiveness-based illusory correlation, which of the following would a person be more likely to remember?

Sherif (1962) argues in his 'realistic conflict theory' that:

Group-based behavioural strategies can make individuals' social identity more positive. One way is to confront the dominant group's position directly. This is:

A common method to study realistic conflict theory involves using a two-person game in which both parties are torn between competition and cooperation and, depending on mutual choices, both parties can win or both can lose. An appropriate paradigm to create this situation experimentally would be:

SIDE is a social identity approach to understanding:

Cooperative activities, equal status and institutional support comprise:

Are there any solutions to social dilemmas? Brewer and colleagues identified a condition where individuals cooperate for the preservation of the common good, namely, when they:

Introducing Social Psychology

Social Cognition and Social Thinking

Attribution and Social Explanation

Self and Identity

Attitudes

Persuasion and Attitude Change

Social Influence

People in Groups

Leadership and Group Decision Making

Prejudice and Discrimination

Aggression

Prosocial Behaviour

Attraction and Close Relationships

Language and Communication

Culture

Filters

Exam 11: Intergroup Behaviour

Emergent norm theory focuses on:

Developed more formally for intergroup conflict by Davis (1959) 'relative deprivation' refers to:

An accentuation of intergroup differences produced by social categorisation:

Kelly and Breinlinger (1996) conducted a longitudinal study examining women's involvement in women's group activities. They found that:

The relative homogeneity effect refers to:

Gene sees aspects of his life as a balancing act. He frequently finds that there is a fine line between being part of the gang and expressing his individuality. What Gene is striving to achieve is:

Social creativity is a type of strategy to improve social identity when:

Helga has been living here for almost a decade now. Despite her German accent she sees herself as a local. Her group identification is at the core of:

In contrast to other explanations of prejudice and discrimination, Sherif stressed the role of:

When a conflict between groups is referred to a neutral third party for resolution and the imposition of a mutually binding settlement, the process is called:

What is a limitation of the various studies examining realistic conflict theory (e.g., Sherif's summer camp studies)?

The free-rider effect occurs when people:

According to distinctiveness-based illusory correlation, which of the following would a person be more likely to remember?

Sherif (1962) argues in his 'realistic conflict theory' that:

Group-based behavioural strategies can make individuals' social identity more positive. One way is to confront the dominant group's position directly. This is:

A common method to study realistic conflict theory involves using a two-person game in which both parties are torn between competition and cooperation and, depending on mutual choices, both parties can win or both can lose. An appropriate paradigm to create this situation experimentally would be:

SIDE is a social identity approach to understanding:

Cooperative activities, equal status and institutional support comprise:

Are there any solutions to social dilemmas? Brewer and colleagues identified a condition where individuals cooperate for the preservation of the common good, namely, when they:

Introducing Social Psychology

Social Cognition and Social Thinking

Attribution and Social Explanation

Self and Identity

Attitudes

Persuasion and Attitude Change

Social Influence

People in Groups

Leadership and Group Decision Making

Prejudice and Discrimination

Aggression

Prosocial Behaviour

Attraction and Close Relationships

Language and Communication

Culture

Filters