Question 1

The presence of a synaptic cleft between cells is characteristic of:

Accepted Answer

A)  chemical synapse. 
B)  electrical synapse. 
C)  both chemical and electrical synapses. 
D)  neither chemical nor electrical synapses. 
A)  chemical synapse. 
B)  electrical synapse. 
C)  both chemical and electrical synapses. 
D)  neither chemical nor electrical synapses.

Question 2

The influx of positive charges makes the membrane potential more positive and is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  polarization. 
B)  hyperpolarization. 
C)  depolarization. 
D)  repolarization. 
A)  polarization. 
B)  hyperpolarization. 
C)  depolarization. 
D)  repolarization.

Question 3

Axons with a smaller diameter can conduct nerve impulses more quickly than axons with a larger diameter.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

What would most likely lead to an IPSP?

Accepted Answer

A)  closure of chloride ion channels 
B)  opening of calcium ion channels 
C)  opening of sodium ion channels 
D)  opening of potassium ion channels 
A)  closure of chloride ion channels 
B)  opening of calcium ion channels 
C)  opening of sodium ion channels 
D)  opening of potassium ion channels

Question 5

Rabies is caused by a virus that attacks the central nervous system. The virus is normally introduced by an animal bite that breaks the surface of the skin. Since the virus is not motile, how does it travel to the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

When the animal bite punctures the skin,

Question 6

Graded potentials:

Accepted Answer

A)  cause repolarization. 
B)  produce an effect that spreads actively across the membrane surface. 
C)  produce an effect that increases with distance from the point of stimulation. 
D)  may cause either a depolarization or a hyperpolarization. 
A)  cause repolarization. 
B)  produce an effect that spreads actively across the membrane surface. 
C)  produce an effect that increases with distance from the point of stimulation. 
D)  may cause either a depolarization or a hyperpolarization.

Question 7

Receptors on a postsynaptic CNS neuron bind glutamate. Describe how the postsynaptic neuron responds.

Accepted Answer

Glutamate is the most common excitatory

Question 8

If a resting axon increases its permeability to sodium ions:

Accepted Answer

A)  the outward movement of sodium ions will decrease. 
B)  the membrane potential will hyperpolarize. 
C)  the membrane potential will repolarize. 
D)  the influx of sodium ions will increase and the membrane will depolarize. 
A)  the outward movement of sodium ions will decrease. 
B)  the membrane potential will hyperpolarize. 
C)  the membrane potential will repolarize. 
D)  the influx of sodium ions will increase and the membrane will depolarize.

Question 9

Which area on the graph shows when the neuron is in the refractory period?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4

Question 10

Voltage -gated sodium channels have both an activation gate and:

Accepted Answer

A)  a leak gate. 
B)  a swinging gate. 
C)  a threshold gate. 
D)  an inactivation gate. 
A)  a leak gate. 
B)  a swinging gate. 
C)  a threshold gate. 
D)  an inactivation gate.

Question 11

Converting neural circuits are opposite to diverging neural circuits.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The sensory, or afferent, division of the peripheral nervous system carries information from the brain and spinal cord to effector organs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Discuss the role of calcium ions in the transmission of an action potential at the synapse.

Accepted Answer

An action potential reaching the axon te

Question 14

Saltatory conduction is slow due to the presence of insulating myelin around an axon.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Voltage -gated sodium channels are activated:

Accepted Answer

A)  during repolarization. 
B)  only if the cell is depolarized to threshold. 
C)  during hyperpolarization. 
D)  after voltage -gated potassium channels are activated. 
A)  during repolarization. 
B)  only if the cell is depolarized to threshold. 
C)  during hyperpolarization. 
D)  after voltage -gated potassium channels are activated.

Question 16

Discuss the two main factors involved in the generation of a neuron's resting membrane potential.

Accepted Answer

The main factor is the ease at which pot

Question 17

The same ________ can have different effects depending on the properties of the _.

Accepted Answer

A)  receptor; neurotransmitter 
B)  neurotransmitter; receptor 
C)  substrate; enzyme 
D)  hormone; neurotransmitter 
A)  receptor; neurotransmitter 
B)  neurotransmitter; receptor 
C)  substrate; enzyme 
D)  hormone; neurotransmitter

Question 18

Which statement best describes the all -or -none principle?

Accepted Answer

A)  All neurons conduct an action potential together, or none do. 
B)  All voltage -gated sodium channels will open or none will open. 
C)  An action potential happens completely, or it doesn't happen at all. 
D)  Local, or graded, potentials will always become action potentials. 
A)  All neurons conduct an action potential together, or none do. 
B)  All voltage -gated sodium channels will open or none will open. 
C)  An action potential happens completely, or it doesn't happen at all. 
D)  Local, or graded, potentials will always become action potentials.

Question 19

Place these steps of the action potential in the correct order. 1. Sodium ions channels return to the resting state and repolarization continues.
2) Voltage -gated sodium ion channels activate, sodium ions enter, and the axon section depolarizes.
3) As potassium ion channels return to resting state, the axolemma may hyperpolarize before returning to the resting membrane potential.
4) A local potential depolarizes the axolemma of the trigger zone to threshold.
5) Sodium ion channels inactivate, and voltage -gated potassium ion channels activate, so sodium ions stop entering and potassium ions leave, beginning repolarization.

Accepted Answer

A)  2, 4, 5, 1, 3 
B)  4, 2, 5, 1, 3 
C)  4, 2, 3, 5, 1 
D)  4, 2, 1, 3, 5 
A)  2, 4, 5, 1, 3 
B)  4, 2, 5, 1, 3 
C)  4, 2, 3, 5, 1 
D)  4, 2, 1, 3, 5

Question 20

Cholinergic synapses use the neurotransmitter:

Accepted Answer

A)  norepinephrine. 
B)  serotonin. 
C)  acetylcholine. 
D)  epinephrine. 
A)  norepinephrine. 
B)  serotonin. 
C)  acetylcholine. 
D)  epinephrine.

Exam 11: Introduction to the Nervous System Nervous Tissue

The presence of a synaptic cleft between cells is characteristic of:

The influx of positive charges makes the membrane potential more positive and is known as:

Axons with a smaller diameter can conduct nerve impulses more quickly than axons with a larger diameter.

What would most likely lead to an IPSP?

Rabies is caused by a virus that attacks the central nervous system. The virus is normally introduced by an animal bite that breaks the surface of the skin. Since the virus is not motile, how does it travel to the central nervous system?

Graded potentials:

Receptors on a postsynaptic CNS neuron bind glutamate. Describe how the postsynaptic neuron responds.

If a resting axon increases its permeability to sodium ions:

Which area on the graph shows when the neuron is in the refractory period?

Voltage -gated sodium channels have both an activation gate and:

Converting neural circuits are opposite to diverging neural circuits.

The sensory, or afferent, division of the peripheral nervous system carries information from the brain and spinal cord to effector organs.

Discuss the role of calcium ions in the transmission of an action potential at the synapse.

Saltatory conduction is slow due to the presence of insulating myelin around an axon.

Voltage -gated sodium channels are activated:

Discuss the two main factors involved in the generation of a neuron's resting membrane potential.

The same ________ can have different effects depending on the properties of the _.

Which statement best describes the all -or -none principle?

Cholinergic synapses use the neurotransmitter:

Introduction to Anatomy Physiology

The Chemistry of Life

The Cell

Histology

The Integumentary System

Bones and Bone Tissue

The Skeletal System

Articulations

The Muscular System

Muscle Tissue Physiology

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System

The Autonomic Nervous System Homeostasis

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

The Cardiovascular System I: the Heart

The Cardiovascular System Ii: Blood Vessels

Blood

The Lymphatic System Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism Nutrition

The Urinary System

Fluid, Electrolyte Acid-Base Homeostasis

The Reproductive System

Development Heredity

Filters

Which area on the graph shows when the neuron is in the refractory period? $Which area on the graph shows when the neuron is in the refractory period?$

Voltage ^-gated sodium channels have both an activation gate and:

Voltage ^-gated sodium channels are activated:

Which statement best describes the all ^-or ^-none principle?