Question 1

There is always error in sampling.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

The null hypothesis really means that the likelihood of a result being due to random error can be rejected at the moment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

An alternative hypothesis represents an attempt to

Accepted Answer

A) point out the way in which a dependent variable affects an independent variable 
B) explain real differences 
C) create another hypothesis to test if our primary hypothesis proves to be false 
D) locate a set of alternative variables that are different from those used in the null hypothesis 
A) point out the way in which a dependent variable affects an independent variable 
B) explain real differences 
C) create another hypothesis to test if our primary hypothesis proves to be false 
D) locate a set of alternative variables that are different from those used in the null hypothesis B

Question 4

If you know which of two variables is the independent variable and which one is the dependent variable,you can propose

Accepted Answer

A) a null hypothesis 
B) a one-tailed hypothesis 
C) a two-tailed hypothesis 
D) all of the above 
A) a null hypothesis 
B) a one-tailed hypothesis 
C) a two-tailed hypothesis 
D) all of the above

Question 5

Random samples are used to estimate error in statistical sampling distributions because

Accepted Answer

A) of the systematic nature of random error 
B) of the probability that random error is less likely to occur 
C) of our ability to reproduce that type of error 
D) random samples cannot be used to estimate error because "random" means the error would be unknown 
A) of the systematic nature of random error 
B) of the probability that random error is less likely to occur 
C) of our ability to reproduce that type of error 
D) random samples cannot be used to estimate error because "random" means the error would be unknown

Question 6

If you propose a one-tailed hypothesis and have to reject it with the true results being the opposite one-tailed hypothesis,you are not just wrong,you are significantly wrong.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

A nondirectional hypothesis is called that because

Accepted Answer

A) no tails in a curve are used 
B) both tails in a curve are used 
C) only one tail in a curve is used 
D) none of the above 
A) no tails in a curve are used 
B) both tails in a curve are used 
C) only one tail in a curve is used 
D) none of the above

Question 8

A null hypothesis is:

Accepted Answer

A) a statement of no difference 
B) related to the scientific preference for conservative decisions 
C) the concept behind inferential statistics (measures of significance) 
D) all of the above 
A) a statement of no difference 
B) related to the scientific preference for conservative decisions 
C) the concept behind inferential statistics (measures of significance) 
D) all of the above

Question 9

If you hypothesize that higher levels of education will increase success on parole and in testing it turns out that lower levels of education decrease success on parole

Accepted Answer

A) you have to reject the hypothesis 
B) you need to rephrase the hypothesis 
C) you can't test this because it requires a corresponding null hypothesis that was not stated 
D) you accept the hypothesis 
A) you have to reject the hypothesis 
B) you need to rephrase the hypothesis 
C) you can't test this because it requires a corresponding null hypothesis that was not stated 
D) you accept the hypothesis

Question 10

Random error is important because estimating its size and amount gives us a way to determine whether an observed difference is real.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Hypotheses,as used in statistics,are

Accepted Answer

A) different from those used in theory testing 
B) measurable statements 
C) most commonly composed of general statements 
D) all of the above 
A) different from those used in theory testing 
B) measurable statements 
C) most commonly composed of general statements 
D) all of the above

Question 12

Statistical error distributions are used to determine if alternative hypotheses should be rejected or accepted.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The further out on the tails a difference is found

Accepted Answer

A) the less likely it is to be an accidental difference 
B) the greater the probability the difference is not due to random error 
C) the bigger the difference is from the mean of the sampling distribution 
D) all of the above 
A) the less likely it is to be an accidental difference 
B) the greater the probability the difference is not due to random error 
C) the bigger the difference is from the mean of the sampling distribution 
D) all of the above

Question 14

Hypotheses used in statistics tend to be general ones,without specificity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

One-tailed hypotheses provide the direction of the independent variable but do not require stating the direction of the dependent variable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

All inferential statistics assume the null hypothesis is true.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Two-tailed hypotheses accept any kind of difference,not just a single direction.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Most differences caused by random error will be close to the zero difference point.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

A hypothesis is a

Accepted Answer

A) speculative guess with no true foundation in reality 
B) statement of a relationship between two or more concepts 
C) statement of a relationship between two or more variables 
D) all of the above 
A) speculative guess with no true foundation in reality 
B) statement of a relationship between two or more concepts 
C) statement of a relationship between two or more variables 
D) all of the above

Question 20

A two-tailed hypothesis is the same thing as a

Accepted Answer

A) nondirectional hypothesis 
B) hypothesis that is concerned only with the central part of a distribution 
C) specifying two one-tailed hypotheses 
D) more powerful than a one-tailed hypothesis 
A) nondirectional hypothesis 
B) hypothesis that is concerned only with the central part of a distribution 
C) specifying two one-tailed hypotheses 
D) more powerful than a one-tailed hypothesis

Exam 9: Hypotheses and Sampling Distributions

There is always error in sampling.

The null hypothesis really means that the likelihood of a result being due to random error can be rejected at the moment.

An alternative hypothesis represents an attempt to

If you know which of two variables is the independent variable and which one is the dependent variable,you can propose

Random samples are used to estimate error in statistical sampling distributions because

If you propose a one-tailed hypothesis and have to reject it with the true results being the opposite one-tailed hypothesis,you are not just wrong,you are significantly wrong.

A nondirectional hypothesis is called that because

A null hypothesis is:

If you hypothesize that higher levels of education will increase success on parole and in testing it turns out that lower levels of education decrease success on parole

Random error is important because estimating its size and amount gives us a way to determine whether an observed difference is real.

Hypotheses,as used in statistics,are

Statistical error distributions are used to determine if alternative hypotheses should be rejected or accepted.

The further out on the tails a difference is found

Hypotheses used in statistics tend to be general ones,without specificity.

One-tailed hypotheses provide the direction of the independent variable but do not require stating the direction of the dependent variable.

All inferential statistics assume the null hypothesis is true.

Two-tailed hypotheses accept any kind of difference,not just a single direction.

Most differences caused by random error will be close to the zero difference point.

A hypothesis is a

A two-tailed hypothesis is the same thing as a

Introduction to Statistics

Levels of Measurement

Graphical Statistics

Measures of Central Tendency

Measures of Dispersion

Curves and Distributions

Frequency Distributions

Elementary Relationships: Crosstabulation Tables

Statistical Significance

Testing for Significance: the Chi-Square Test

Testing for Significance in Two Groups: the T-Test

Testing for Significance in Multiple Groups: the Analysis of Variance Statistic

The Concept of Association

Testing for Association: Phi

Testing for Association: Pearsons R and Regression

Doing Real Research: Elementary Multivariate Relationships

Box Plots

Skewness and Kurtosis

Ordinal-Level Tests of Significance

Multiple Comparison Tests

Nominal Level Tests of Association

Ordinal Level Tests of Association

Addendum Probability

Filters