Exam 5: The Integumentary System

The pinkish hue of individuals with fair skin is the result of the crimson color of oxygenated hemoglobin (contained in red blood cells) circulating in the dermal capillaries and reflecting through the epidermis.

When an individual is exposed to extremely cold air the dermal blood vessels will dilate so that more blood will be brought closer to the outside surface of the skin.

The surge of sex hormones that accompanies puberty has a wide range of effects on the body. One of those effects is to enhance the activity of the sebaceous glands, increasing the production of sebum. Which of the following is the most likely to result from the increased sebaceous activity?

For a doctor, simply looking at a patient's skin can help towards making a diagnosis.

A needle would pierce the epidermal layers of the forearm in which order?

A splinter penetrated into the skin of the sole of the foot, almost to the papillary region of the dermis. Which layer of the epidermis would be the final layer injured?

The dense fibrous connective tissue portion of the skin is located in the reticular region of the dermis.

Tanning or darkening of the skin occurs as a defensive response to________.

A surgeon opens her patient by cutting the integument parallel to the cleavage lines of the dermis (tension lines). This will result in _________ .

Joe just burned himself on a hot pot, and the burn is quite painful. Joe's burn would best be described as a third-degree burn.

In addition to the synthesis of vitamin D, keratinocytes are able to carry out some other biologically important functions. Name at least two of these other functions.

Janet, a 28-year-old lawyer, bought a brand new pair of shoes for her first court appearance. After wearing them for the first time, she noticed pain on her heel and a fluid-filled lesion. Explain what has happened.

When a patient is said to have "third-degree burns," this indicates that the patient has burns that cover approximately one-third or more of the body.

The action of the arrector pili muscle is very similar in humans as it is in other mammals but its beneficial functions differ.

Which of the following statements indicates the way in which the body's natural defenses protect the skin from the effects of UV damage?

The 68-year-old patient was admitted to the hospital medical floor with a diagnosis of chronic bronchitis. His wife asks the nurse why his skin looks blue. How would you explain cyanosis to the patient and his wife?

The eccrine sweat glands are not the primary gland involved in thermoregulation.

Sudoriferous (sweat) glands are categorized as two distinct types. Which of the following are the two types of sweat glands?

Which statement correctly explains why hair appears the way it does?

Mary noticed a large, brown spot on her skin. She has been playing tennis in the sun for several years without sun protection. She reported the discovery to a friend, who told her to apply the ABCD rule to determine whether or not she had malignant melanoma. Her friend told her that if her answer was "no" to the questions that were asked by the ABCD rule, she had nothing to worry about. What is the ABCD rule and should she ignore the spot if her answers are negative?