Question 1

Observation refers to the

Accepted Answer

A) estimated continuous outcome variable. 
B) set of recorded values of variables associated with a single entity. 
C) goal of predicting a categorical outcome based on a set of variables. 
D) mean of all variable values associated with one particular entity. 
A) estimated continuous outcome variable. 
B) set of recorded values of variables associated with a single entity. 
C) goal of predicting a categorical outcome based on a set of variables. 
D) mean of all variable values associated with one particular entity. B

Question 2

Complete linkage can be used to measure the distance between clusters that are the __________ in cluster analysis.

Accepted Answer

A) most similar 
B) most different 
C) farthest apart 
D) closest 
A) most similar 
B) most different 
C) farthest apart 
D) closest B

Question 3

The process of converting a word to its stem, or root word, is referred to as __________.

Accepted Answer

A) data cleaning 
B) stemming 
C) tokenization 
D) stacking 
A) data cleaning 
B) stemming 
C) tokenization 
D) stacking B

Question 4

Suppose we had a data set of from a call center where customers were asked to choose between the following three options: hear account information, billing questions, and customer service. Using the given order of the three options, and using 0-1 dummy variables to encode the categorical variables, which of the following combinations would yield an entry "customer service"?

Accepted Answer

A) 000 
B) 100 
C) 010 
D) 001 
A) 000 
B) 100 
C) 010 
D) 001

Question 5

__________ is a measure that computes the dissimilarity between a cluster AB and a cluster C by averaging the distance between A and C and the distance between B and C.

Accepted Answer

A) Ward's method 
B) Jaccard's coefficient 
C) McQuitty's method 
D) None of these are correct. 
A) Ward's method 
B) Jaccard's coefficient 
C) McQuitty's method 
D) None of these are correct.

Question 6

The endpoint of a k-means clustering algorithm occurs when

Accepted Answer

A) Euclidean distance between clusters is minimized. 
B) Euclidean distance between observations in a cluster is maximized. 
C) no further changes are observed in cluster structure and number. 
D) all of the observations are encompassed within a single large cluster with mean k. 
A) Euclidean distance between clusters is minimized. 
B) Euclidean distance between observations in a cluster is maximized. 
C) no further changes are observed in cluster structure and number. 
D) all of the observations are encompassed within a single large cluster with mean k.

Question 7

The process of dividing text into separate terms is referred to as __________.

Accepted Answer

A) data cleaning 
B) stemming 
C) tokenization 
D) stacking 
A) data cleaning 
B) stemming 
C) tokenization 
D) stacking

Question 8

Average linkage is a measure of calculating dissimilarity between two clusters by

Accepted Answer

A) finding the distance between the two most dissimilar observations in the two clusters. 
B) computing the average distance between every pair of observations between two clusters. 
C) finding the distance between the two closest observations in the two clusters. 
D) computing the distance between the cluster centroids. 
A) finding the distance between the two most dissimilar observations in the two clusters. 
B) computing the average distance between every pair of observations between two clusters. 
C) finding the distance between the two closest observations in the two clusters. 
D) computing the distance between the cluster centroids.

Question 9

__________ approaches are designed to describe patterns and relationships in large data sets with many observations of many variables.

Accepted Answer

A) Data mining 
B) Unsupervised learning 
C) Dimension reduction 
D) Data sampling 
A) Data mining 
B) Unsupervised learning 
C) Dimension reduction 
D) Data sampling

Question 10

The data preparation technique used in market segmentation to divide consumers into different homogeneous groups is called

Accepted Answer

A) data visualization. 
B) cluster analysis. 
C) market analysis. 
D) supervised learning. 
A) data visualization. 
B) cluster analysis. 
C) market analysis. 
D) supervised learning.

Question 11

In which of the following scenarios would it be appropriate to use hierarchical clustering?

Accepted Answer

A) When the number of observations in the dataset is relatively high 
B) When it is not necessary to know the nesting of clusters 
C) When the number of clusters is known beforehand 
D) When binary or ordinal data needs to be clustered 
A) When the number of observations in the dataset is relatively high 
B) When it is not necessary to know the nesting of clusters 
C) When the number of clusters is known beforehand 
D) When binary or ordinal data needs to be clustered

Question 12

Jaccard's coefficient is different from the matching coefficient in that the former

Accepted Answer

A) measures overlap while the latter measures dissimilarity. 
B) does not count matching zero entries while the latter does. 
C) deals with categorical variable while the latter deals with continuous variables. 
D) is affected by the scale used to measure variables while the latter is not. 
A) measures overlap while the latter measures dissimilarity. 
B) does not count matching zero entries while the latter does. 
C) deals with categorical variable while the latter deals with continuous variables. 
D) is affected by the scale used to measure variables while the latter is not.

Question 13

__________ is a method of calculating dissimilarity between clusters by calculating the distance between the centroids of the two clusters.

Accepted Answer

A) Single linkage 
B) Complete linkage 
C) Average linkage 
D) Centroid linkage 
A) Single linkage 
B) Complete linkage 
C) Average linkage 
D) Centroid linkage

Question 14

An analysis of items frequently co-occurring in transactions is known as

Accepted Answer

A) market segmentation. 
B) market basket analysis. 
C) regression analysis. 
D) cluster analysis. 
A) market segmentation. 
B) market basket analysis. 
C) regression analysis. 
D) cluster analysis.

Question 15

Suppose the dissimilarity between clusters A and B has the value 24 and the dissimilarity between cluster B and C has the value 12. Use McQuitty's method to determine the dissimilarity of clusters A and B.

Accepted Answer

A) 12 
B) 18 
C) 24 
D) 36 
A) 12 
B) 18 
C) 24 
D) 36

Question 16

Hierarchical clustering using __________ results in a sequence of aggregated clusters that minimizes the loss of information between the individual observation level and the cluster level.

Accepted Answer

A) McQuitty's method 
B) centroid linkage 
C) median linkage 
D) Ward's method 
A) McQuitty's method 
B) centroid linkage 
C) median linkage 
D) Ward's method

Question 17

Complete linkage can be used to measure the distance between _________ in cluster analysis.

Accepted Answer

A) objects 
B) clusters 
C) observations 
D) wards 
A) objects 
B) clusters 
C) observations 
D) wards

Question 18

The lift ratio of an association rule with a confidence value of 0.45 and in which the consequent occurs in 6 out of 10 cases is

Accepted Answer

A) 1.40. 
B) 0.54. 
C) 1.00. 
D) 0.75. 
A) 1.40. 
B) 0.54. 
C) 1.00. 
D) 0.75.

Question 19

The strength of the association rule is known as __________ and is calculated as the ratio of the confidence of an association rule to the benchmark confidence.

Accepted Answer

A) lift 
B) antecedent 
C) support count 
D) consequent 
A) lift 
B) antecedent 
C) support count 
D) consequent

Question 20

Which statement is true of an association rule?

Accepted Answer

A) It is ultimately judged on how actionable it is and how well it explains the relationship between item sets. 
B) It is a data reduction technique that reduces large information into smaller homogeneous groups. 
C) It uses analytic models to describe the relationship between metrics that drive business performance. 
D) It seeks to classify a categorical outcome into two or more categories. 
A) It is ultimately judged on how actionable it is and how well it explains the relationship between item sets. 
B) It is a data reduction technique that reduces large information into smaller homogeneous groups. 
C) It uses analytic models to describe the relationship between metrics that drive business performance. 
D) It seeks to classify a categorical outcome into two or more categories.

Observation refers to the

Complete linkage can be used to measure the distance between clusters that are the __________ in cluster analysis.

The process of converting a word to its stem, or root word, is referred to as __________.

__________ is a measure that computes the dissimilarity between a cluster AB and a cluster C by averaging the distance between A and C and the distance between B and C.

The endpoint of a k-means clustering algorithm occurs when

The process of dividing text into separate terms is referred to as __________.

Average linkage is a measure of calculating dissimilarity between two clusters by

__________ approaches are designed to describe patterns and relationships in large data sets with many observations of many variables.

The data preparation technique used in market segmentation to divide consumers into different homogeneous groups is called

In which of the following scenarios would it be appropriate to use hierarchical clustering?

Jaccard's coefficient is different from the matching coefficient in that the former

__________ is a method of calculating dissimilarity between clusters by calculating the distance between the centroids of the two clusters.

An analysis of items frequently co-occurring in transactions is known as

Suppose the dissimilarity between clusters A and B has the value 24 and the dissimilarity between cluster B and C has the value 12. Use McQuitty's method to determine the dissimilarity of clusters A and B.

Hierarchical clustering using __________ results in a sequence of aggregated clusters that minimizes the loss of information between the individual observation level and the cluster level.

Complete linkage can be used to measure the distance between _________ in cluster analysis.

The lift ratio of an association rule with a confidence value of 0.45 and in which the consequent occurs in 6 out of 10 cases is

The strength of the association rule is known as __________ and is calculated as the ratio of the confidence of an association rule to the benchmark confidence.

Which statement is true of an association rule?

Introduction

Descriptive Statistics

Data Visualization

Probability: an Introduction to Modeling Uncertainty

Statistical Inference

Linear Regression

Time Series Analysis and Forecasting

Predictive Data Mining

Spreadsheet Models

Monte Carlo Simulation

Linear Optimization Models

Integer Linear Optimization Models

Nonlinear Optimization Models

Decision Analysis

Filters

Exam 4: Descriptive Data Mining

Observation refers to the

Complete linkage can be used to measure the distance between clusters that are the __________ in cluster analysis.

The process of converting a word to its stem, or root word, is referred to as __________.

__________ is a measure that computes the dissimilarity between a cluster AB and a cluster C by averaging the distance between A and C and the distance between B and C.

The endpoint of a k-means clustering algorithm occurs when

The process of dividing text into separate terms is referred to as __________.

Average linkage is a measure of calculating dissimilarity between two clusters by

__________ approaches are designed to describe patterns and relationships in large data sets with many observations of many variables.

The data preparation technique used in market segmentation to divide consumers into different homogeneous groups is called

In which of the following scenarios would it be appropriate to use hierarchical clustering?

Jaccard's coefficient is different from the matching coefficient in that the former

__________ is a method of calculating dissimilarity between clusters by calculating the distance between the centroids of the two clusters.

An analysis of items frequently co-occurring in transactions is known as

Suppose the dissimilarity between clusters A and B has the value 24 and the dissimilarity between cluster B and C has the value 12. Use McQuitty's method to determine the dissimilarity of clusters A and B.

Hierarchical clustering using __________ results in a sequence of aggregated clusters that minimizes the loss of information between the individual observation level and the cluster level.

Complete linkage can be used to measure the distance between _________ in cluster analysis.

The lift ratio of an association rule with a confidence value of 0.45 and in which the consequent occurs in 6 out of 10 cases is

The strength of the association rule is known as __________ and is calculated as the ratio of the confidence of an association rule to the benchmark confidence.

Which statement is true of an association rule?

Introduction

Descriptive Statistics

Data Visualization

Probability: an Introduction to Modeling Uncertainty

Statistical Inference

Linear Regression

Time Series Analysis and Forecasting

Predictive Data Mining

Spreadsheet Models

Monte Carlo Simulation

Linear Optimization Models

Integer Linear Optimization Models

Nonlinear Optimization Models

Decision Analysis

Filters