Exam 3: Biological Foundations: Roots in Neurons and Genes

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People's inherited tendencies elicit certain environmental responses. This is called:

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The biological foundation of social development that focuses on visual, olfactory, and tactile capacities present at birth is referred to as:

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Discuss why we need to include both genetic and environmental factors in our explanations of social development.

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Social development is a complex process that is influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Including both genetic and environmental factors in our explanations of social development is important because it allows us to have a more comprehensive understanding of how individuals develop socially.

Genetic factors play a significant role in social development as they can influence traits such as temperament, personality, and cognitive abilities. These genetic predispositions can impact how individuals interact with others, form relationships, and navigate social situations. Understanding the genetic basis of social development can help us identify potential risk factors for social difficulties and tailor interventions to support individuals with specific genetic predispositions.

On the other hand, environmental factors also play a crucial role in shaping social development. The environments in which individuals grow up, including their family, peers, school, and community, can have a profound impact on their social skills, emotional regulation, and social behaviors. Factors such as parenting styles, social support, exposure to stress or trauma, and access to resources can all influence how individuals develop socially. By considering environmental factors, we can better understand the impact of social experiences on development and identify opportunities for intervention and support.

By including both genetic and environmental factors in our explanations of social development, we can gain a more holistic understanding of the complex interplay between nature and nurture. This integrated approach allows us to develop more effective strategies for promoting healthy social development and supporting individuals who may be at risk for social difficulties. Additionally, it helps to move away from deterministic views of social development and recognize the dynamic and interactive nature of genetic and environmental influences on social development.

Synapses are:

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The social brain includes:

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Examples of phenotypes include:

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A type of childhood behavior problem in which the behavior is directed at the self rather than others, including fear, anxiety, depression, loneliness, and withdrawal is:

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Define synaptic pruning and why it is important in brain development (94)

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Internalizing problems include:

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A cell that supports, protects, and repairs neurons:

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Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder appears to be caused by chromosomal abnormalities

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A specialized site of intercellular communication that exchanges information between nerve cells, usually by means of a chemical neurotransmitter:

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The forming of synapses is called:

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Discuss how changes in the development of the prefrontal cortex alter social functioning at different ages.

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Identical twins are:

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The movement of neurons within the brain that ensures that all brain areas have a sufficient number of neural connections is referred to as:

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Define the differences between shared and nonshared environment in genetic studies

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People's genes result in them to seek out experiences compatible with their inherited tendencies. This is called:

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The two connected hemispheres of the brain are the:

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The description of traits expressed by two alleles that can be either dominant or recessive is:

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