Question 1

Which of the following characterized the British counterinsurgency effort in India?

Accepted Answer

A)  The British bribed rebel leaders to stop the uprising. 
B)  The British responded brutally; villages were destroyed and leaders were tied to cannons and executed. 
C)  The British expended a great deal of effort to preserve Indian lives and property to avoid alienating the population. 
D)  As a gesture of goodwill, the British returned the land that they had previously annexed. 
A)  The British bribed rebel leaders to stop the uprising. 
B)  The British responded brutally; villages were destroyed and leaders were tied to cannons and executed. 
C)  The British expended a great deal of effort to preserve Indian lives and property to avoid alienating the population. 
D)  As a gesture of goodwill, the British returned the land that they had previously annexed.

Question 2

What event sparked the Great Rebellion of 1857?

Accepted Answer

A)  British reprisals against peasants who refused to pay their taxes 
B)  the British East India Company issuing IOUs to soldiers in lieu of their salaries 
C)  a rumor that cow and pig fat had been used to grease the cartridges used in soldiers' rifles 
D)  a rumor that the food provided by the British East India Company violated soldiers' religious beliefs 
A)  British reprisals against peasants who refused to pay their taxes 
B)  the British East India Company issuing IOUs to soldiers in lieu of their salaries 
C)  a rumor that cow and pig fat had been used to grease the cartridges used in soldiers' rifles 
D)  a rumor that the food provided by the British East India Company violated soldiers' religious beliefs

Question 3

The Taiping Rebellion was a nineteenth-century example of what Chinese tradition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Confucian codes of administration 
B)  rejection of outside influences as inferior to Chinese ideas 
C)  millenarian peasant revolts 
D)  violent uprisings by members of ethnic minority groups 
A)  Confucian codes of administration 
B)  rejection of outside influences as inferior to Chinese ideas 
C)  millenarian peasant revolts 
D)  violent uprisings by members of ethnic minority groups

Question 4

What did the groups that led the 1848 revolutions in Europe have in common?

Accepted Answer

A)  They shared a desire for independent nations and to overthrow the existing elites. 
B)  They shared a belief in the triumph of the proletariat. 
C)  The groups were all middle class, such as doctors, university professors and students, and lawyers. 
D)  The groups were all working class, such as artisans, printers, and peasants. 
A)  They shared a desire for independent nations and to overthrow the existing elites. 
B)  They shared a belief in the triumph of the proletariat. 
C)  The groups were all middle class, such as doctors, university professors and students, and lawyers. 
D)  The groups were all working class, such as artisans, printers, and peasants.

Question 5

Prior to the mid-nineteenth century, how did the Mayan experience of colonial rule differ from that of other indigenous Mexican peoples?

Accepted Answer

A)  A stronger missionary presence meant that more Mayans converted to Christianity. 
B)  The Mayans escaped forced labor recruitment and social disruption because their territory lacked minerals or fertile land. 
C)  Conflict between the Spanish and the Portuguese meant that more Mayans were killed in war. 
D)  The Mayans were less able to participate in trade than other Mexican natives because they lacked port cities. 
A)  A stronger missionary presence meant that more Mayans converted to Christianity. 
B)  The Mayans escaped forced labor recruitment and social disruption because their territory lacked minerals or fertile land. 
C)  Conflict between the Spanish and the Portuguese meant that more Mayans were killed in war. 
D)  The Mayans were less able to participate in trade than other Mexican natives because they lacked port cities.

Question 6

Hong Xiuquan believed that he was

Accepted Answer

A)  an administrative prodigy who could reform Qing governance. 
B)  the heir to the tradition of Muhammad. 
C)  a representative leader of the Chinese peasantry. 
D)  Jesus's younger brother sent to rid the world of evil. 
A)  an administrative prodigy who could reform Qing governance. 
B)  the heir to the tradition of Muhammad. 
C)  a representative leader of the Chinese peasantry. 
D)  Jesus's younger brother sent to rid the world of evil.

Question 7

Why did small-scale settlements in southern Africa give way to larger states during the early nineteenth century?

Accepted Answer

A)  Larger states were better equipped to compete for limited land and resources. 
B)  Larger states were more efficient at gathering goods for trade with Europeans, and benefited from European technologies. 
C)  Larger states were better at utilizing agricultural land, allowing them to relieve population pressure more effectively than smaller settlements. 
D)  Larger states were able to experiment with new leadership styles, ending their dependence on traditional forms of political order. 
A)  Larger states were better equipped to compete for limited land and resources. 
B)  Larger states were more efficient at gathering goods for trade with Europeans, and benefited from European technologies. 
C)  Larger states were better at utilizing agricultural land, allowing them to relieve population pressure more effectively than smaller settlements. 
D)  Larger states were able to experiment with new leadership styles, ending their dependence on traditional forms of political order.

Question 8

Which of the following was the most important device used by Mexicans to lure Mayans into plantation labor?

Accepted Answer

A)  Debt peonage forced fathers and sons to work for low wages on sugar plantations. 
B)  The imposition of the new caste of "Indians" meant Mayans had few political rights and could be forced into plantation servitude. 
C)  Mexicans lured Mayans with promises of teaching them new agricultural techniques that would enrich Mayan villages. 
D)  Mayans were forced to work on plantations to free their wives and children who had been taken hostage by the plantation owners. 
A)  Debt peonage forced fathers and sons to work for low wages on sugar plantations. 
B)  The imposition of the new caste of "Indians" meant Mayans had few political rights and could be forced into plantation servitude. 
C)  Mexicans lured Mayans with promises of teaching them new agricultural techniques that would enrich Mayan villages. 
D)  Mayans were forced to work on plantations to free their wives and children who had been taken hostage by the plantation owners.

Question 9

What did Marx and Engels believe would be the outcome of the conflict between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat?

Accepted Answer

A)  a victory by the bourgeoisie that would reduce the proletariat to slavery 
B)  a victory by the bourgeoisie that would result in the reinforcement of capitalism and private property, and things would stay as they were 
C)  a victory by the proletariat that would lead to the return of an idealized form of feudalism 
D)  a victory by the proletariat that would result in the destruction of capitalism, the end of private property, and the eventual withering away of the state 
A)  a victory by the bourgeoisie that would reduce the proletariat to slavery 
B)  a victory by the bourgeoisie that would result in the reinforcement of capitalism and private property, and things would stay as they were 
C)  a victory by the proletariat that would lead to the return of an idealized form of feudalism 
D)  a victory by the proletariat that would result in the destruction of capitalism, the end of private property, and the eventual withering away of the state

Question 10

The impetus of Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab's Islamic reform movement was a reaction to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  the presence of multiple Islamic empires such as the Mughals and the Ottomans 
B)  the tendency of some Muslims to experiment with European ideas and technologies 
C)  polytheistic beliefs that had taken root among some Muslims 
D)  debates among representatives of different religions at the Mughal court 
A)  the presence of multiple Islamic empires such as the Mughals and the Ottomans 
B)  the tendency of some Muslims to experiment with European ideas and technologies 
C)  polytheistic beliefs that had taken root among some Muslims 
D)  debates among representatives of different religions at the Mughal court

Question 11

Which of the following is a similarity between the goals of Hong, the leaders of the Islamic revitalization movements, and Shaka?

Accepted Answer

A)  They all proposed a return to the ways of traditional Islam. 
B)  They all sought to restore lost harmony and perceived the present world as unjust. 
C)  They all rejected foreign religious ideas. 
D)  They all believed that lack of harmony was caused by foreign rule. 
A)  They all proposed a return to the ways of traditional Islam. 
B)  They all sought to restore lost harmony and perceived the present world as unjust. 
C)  They all rejected foreign religious ideas. 
D)  They all believed that lack of harmony was caused by foreign rule.

Question 12

Wahhabi Islam was a direct threat to the political power of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  the Napoleonic Empire 
B)  the Ottoman Empire 
C)  the House of Saud 
D)  the British Empire 
A)  the Napoleonic Empire 
B)  the Ottoman Empire 
C)  the House of Saud 
D)  the British Empire

Question 13

How did the status of Islam in West Africa change after the establishment of the Sokoto caliphate?

Accepted Answer

A)  It changed from a minority religion to the majority religion in the region. 
B)  It changed from an urban religion to the religion of rural pastoralists. 
C)  It changed from a polytheistic religion to a monotheistic religion. 
D)  It changed from a warlike religion to a peaceful religion. 
A)  It changed from a minority religion to the majority religion in the region. 
B)  It changed from an urban religion to the religion of rural pastoralists. 
C)  It changed from a polytheistic religion to a monotheistic religion. 
D)  It changed from a warlike religion to a peaceful religion.

Question 14

Compare the Caste War in Mexico with the Rebellion of 1857 in India. What alternative visions of social order did the indigenous peoples of these areas propose, and how similar were they? What was the fate of each movement, and why?

Accepted Answer

In both cases, the rebellions began as r

Question 15

What was a goal of the Mayans in the Yucatan peninsula when they revolted against the Mexican government in 1847?

Accepted Answer

A)  They wanted complete cultural autonomy. 
B)  They wanted political independence. 
C)  They wanted to retain the right to own their land individually. 
D)  They wanted political equality with other Mexicans. 
A)  They wanted complete cultural autonomy. 
B)  They wanted political independence. 
C)  They wanted to retain the right to own their land individually. 
D)  They wanted political equality with other Mexicans.

Question 16

On what idea could disparate groups of radicals agree?

Accepted Answer

A)  popular sovereignty 
B)  return to the status quo 
C)  constitutional monarchy 
D)  abolishing of private property 
A)  popular sovereignty 
B)  return to the status quo 
C)  constitutional monarchy 
D)  abolishing of private property

Question 17

Examine the development of Usman dan Fodio's Sokoto caliphate. In addition to Islamic revival, what factors encouraged the growth of this kingdom?

Accepted Answer

The roots of the Sokoto caliphate lay in

Question 18

Describe and compare the religious doctrines put forth by Tenskwatawa and al-Wahhab. To what forces was each reacting? How did they draw on traditional ideas within their societies?

Accepted Answer

Al-Wahhab was a Muslim who was reacting

Question 19

From which groups did European nationalist movements draw their greatest number of supporters?

Accepted Answer

A)  the middle class and the landless peasants 
B)  the liberal aristocracy and the commercial middle class 
C)  the landed aristocracy and financiers 
D)  the clergy and rural workers 
A)  the middle class and the landless peasants 
B)  the liberal aristocracy and the commercial middle class 
C)  the landed aristocracy and financiers 
D)  the clergy and rural workers

Question 20

Which of the following contributed to social and political instability in both China and Africa?

Accepted Answer

A)  decreasing opium consumption 
B)  declining involvement in foreign trade 
C)  pressure from a growing population 
D)  increased standards of living among the peasantry 
A)  decreasing opium consumption 
B)  declining involvement in foreign trade 
C)  pressure from a growing population 
D)  increased standards of living among the peasantry

Exam 16: Alternative Visions of the Nineteenth Century

Which of the following characterized the British counterinsurgency effort in India?

What event sparked the Great Rebellion of 1857?

The Taiping Rebellion was a nineteenth-century example of what Chinese tradition?

What did the groups that led the 1848 revolutions in Europe have in common?

Prior to the mid-nineteenth century, how did the Mayan experience of colonial rule differ from that of other indigenous Mexican peoples?

Hong Xiuquan believed that he was

Why did small-scale settlements in southern Africa give way to larger states during the early nineteenth century?

Which of the following was the most important device used by Mexicans to lure Mayans into plantation labor?

What did Marx and Engels believe would be the outcome of the conflict between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat?

The impetus of Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab's Islamic reform movement was a reaction to which of the following?

Which of the following is a similarity between the goals of Hong, the leaders of the Islamic revitalization movements, and Shaka?

Wahhabi Islam was a direct threat to the political power of which of the following?

How did the status of Islam in West Africa change after the establishment of the Sokoto caliphate?

Compare the Caste War in Mexico with the Rebellion of 1857 in India. What alternative visions of social order did the indigenous peoples of these areas propose, and how similar were they? What was the fate of each movement, and why?

What was a goal of the Mayans in the Yucatan peninsula when they revolted against the Mexican government in 1847?

On what idea could disparate groups of radicals agree?

Examine the development of Usman dan Fodio's Sokoto caliphate. In addition to Islamic revival, what factors encouraged the growth of this kingdom?

Describe and compare the religious doctrines put forth by Tenskwatawa and al-Wahhab. To what forces was each reacting? How did they draw on traditional ideas within their societies?

From which groups did European nationalist movements draw their greatest number of supporters?

Which of the following contributed to social and political instability in both China and Africa?

Becoming Human

Rivers, Cities, and First States, 3500-2000 Bce

Nomads, Chariots, Territorial States, and Microsocieties, 2000-1200 Bce

First Empires and Common Cultures in Afro-Eurasia, 1250-325 Bce

Worlds Turned Inside Out, 1000-350 Bce

Shrinking the Afro-Eurasian World, 350 Bce-250 Ce

Han Dynasty China and Imperial Rome, 300 Bce-300 Ce

The Rise of Universal Religions, 300-600 Ce

New Empires and Common Cultures, 600-1000 Ce

Becoming the World, 1000-1300 Ce

Crises and Recovery in Afro-Eurasia, 1300-1500

Contact, Commerce, and Colonization, 1450-1600

Worlds Entangled, 1600-1750

Cultures of Splendor and Power, 1500-1780

Reordering the World, 1750-1850

Nations and Empires, 1850-1914

An Unsettled World, 1890-1914

Of Masses and Visions of the Modern, 1910-1939

The Three-World Order, 1940-1975

Globalization, 1970-2000

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