Question 1

Consuming a meal high in salt will

Accepted Answer

A)  cause hypotension. 
B)  activate the renin- angiotensin mechanism. 
C)  result in a temporary increase in blood volume. 
D)  decrease thirst. 
E)  drastically increase the osmolarity of the blood. 
A)  cause hypotension. 
B)  activate the renin- angiotensin mechanism. 
C)  result in a temporary increase in blood volume. 
D)  decrease thirst. 
E)  drastically increase the osmolarity of the blood. C

Question 2

Homeostatic mechanisms that monitor and adjust the composition of body fluids respond to changes in the _______fluid.

Accepted Answer

extracellular

Question 3

The amount of potassium excreted by the kidneys is regulated mainly by

Accepted Answer

A)  glucocorticoids. 
B)  atrial natriuretic peptides. 
C)  parathormone. 
D)  ADH. 
E)  aldosterone. 
A)  glucocorticoids. 
B)  atrial natriuretic peptides. 
C)  parathormone. 
D)  ADH. 
E)  aldosterone. E

Question 4

Excess hydrogen ion is eliminated from the body largely by

Accepted Answer

A)  sweating. 
B)  the kidneys. 
C)  the feces. 
D)  buffers. 
E)  the liver. 
A)  sweating. 
B)  the kidneys. 
C)  the feces. 
D)  buffers. 
E)  the liver.

Question 5

A person with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus will develop

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic acidosis. 
B)  respiratory acidosis. 
C)  metabolic alkalosis. 
D)  respiratory alkalosis. 
A)  metabolic acidosis. 
B)  respiratory acidosis. 
C)  metabolic alkalosis. 
D)  respiratory alkalosis.

Question 6

Approximately _________liters of peritoneal fluid are produced and reabsorbed each day.

Accepted Answer

A)  7 
B)  15 
C)  9 
D)  10 
E)  20 
A)  7 
B)  15 
C)  9 
D)  10 
E)  20

Question 7

Which of the following descriptions best fits the acid- base disorder respiratory alkalosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  consequence of tissue hypoxia, for example in ischemic conditions 
B)  consequence of prolonged vomiting 
C)  consequence of reduced alveolar ventilation, for example due to COPD 
D)  consequence of hyperventilation, for example in fever or mental illness 
A)  consequence of tissue hypoxia, for example in ischemic conditions 
B)  consequence of prolonged vomiting 
C)  consequence of reduced alveolar ventilation, for example due to COPD 
D)  consequence of hyperventilation, for example in fever or mental illness

Question 8

Substances that can carry electrical current across cell membranes are called

Accepted Answer

A)  osmoregulators. 
B)  nonelectrolytes. 
C)  electrons. 
D)  buffers. 
E)  electrolytes. 
A)  osmoregulators. 
B)  nonelectrolytes. 
C)  electrons. 
D)  buffers. 
E)  electrolytes.

Question 9

To reduce brain swelling by pulling water out of brain cells, a substance can be injected intravenously to increase the osmotic pressure of interstitial fluid. Which of the following properties can this substance not have in order to be effective?

Accepted Answer

A)  soluble in water 
B)  impermeable to brain plasma membranes 
C)  nontoxic to neurons 
D)  permeable to capillary endothelium 
E)  permeable to brain plasma membranes 
A)  soluble in water 
B)  impermeable to brain plasma membranes 
C)  nontoxic to neurons 
D)  permeable to capillary endothelium 
E)  permeable to brain plasma membranes

Question 10

Which hormones) is released by heart muscle in response to excessive chamber volume?

Accepted Answer

A)  aldosterone 
B)  ADH 
C)  PTH 
D)  natriuretic peptides 
E)  acetylcholine 
A)  aldosterone 
B)  ADH 
C)  PTH 
D)  natriuretic peptides 
E)  acetylcholine

Question 11

Hypoventilation leads to

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory acidosis. 
B)  respiratory alkalosis. 
C)  metabolic alkalosis. 
D)  metabolic acidosis. 
A)  respiratory acidosis. 
B)  respiratory alkalosis. 
C)  metabolic alkalosis. 
D)  metabolic acidosis.

Question 12

Hypercapnia refers to elevated levels of_________

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hypercapnia refers to elevated levels of_________...

Question 13

A person who consumes large amounts of sodium bicarbonate "baking soda") to settle an upset stomach risks

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic alkalosis. 
B)  respiratory alkalosis. 
C)  respiratory acidosis. 
D)  metabolic acidosis. 
A)  metabolic alkalosis. 
B)  respiratory alkalosis. 
C)  respiratory acidosis. 
D)  metabolic acidosis.

Question 14

The principal cation in intracellular fluid is

Accepted Answer

A)  potassium. 
B)  calcium. 
C)  chloride. 
D)  sodium. 
E)  magnesium. 
A)  potassium. 
B)  calcium. 
C)  chloride. 
D)  sodium. 
E)  magnesium.

Question 15

A patient who has been both vomiting and having diarrhea is losing _______from his body.

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium 
B)  water 
C)  bicarbonate ion 
D)  hydrogen ion 
E)  all of the above 
A)  sodium 
B)  water 
C)  bicarbonate ion 
D)  hydrogen ion 
E)  all of the above

Question 16

When the pH of the extracellular fluid drops, the

Accepted Answer

A)  kidneys excrete more hydrogen ions. 
B)  kidneys excrete more bicarbonate ions. 
C)  kidneys excrete fewer bicarbonate ions. 
D)  A and B only 
E)  A and C only 
A)  kidneys excrete more hydrogen ions. 
B)  kidneys excrete more bicarbonate ions. 
C)  kidneys excrete fewer bicarbonate ions. 
D)  A and B only 
E)  A and C only

Question 17

An)________ consists of a combination of a weak acid and its associated anion.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An)________ consists of a combination of a...

Question 18

__________promotes water reabsorption at the kidneys and stimulates thirst.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________promotes water reabsorption at the kidneys and...

Question 19

The release of atrial natriuretic peptides from the heart will cause the body to

Accepted Answer

A)  conserve sodium ions. 
B)  decrease ECF. 
C)  excrete sodium ions. 
D)  both A and B 
E)  both B and C 
A)  conserve sodium ions. 
B)  decrease ECF. 
C)  excrete sodium ions. 
D)  both A and B 
E)  both B and C

Question 20

When water is lost, but electrolytes are retained,

Accepted Answer

A)  both the ECF and the ICF become more dilute. 
B)  the osmolarity of the ECF falls. 
C)  there is an increase in the volume of the ICF. 
D)  osmosis moves water from the ICF to the ECF. 
E)  both B and D 
A)  both the ECF and the ICF become more dilute. 
B)  the osmolarity of the ECF falls. 
C)  there is an increase in the volume of the ICF. 
D)  osmosis moves water from the ICF to the ECF. 
E)  both B and D

Exam 25: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Consuming a meal high in salt will

Homeostatic mechanisms that monitor and adjust the composition of body fluids respond to changes in the _______fluid.

The amount of potassium excreted by the kidneys is regulated mainly by

Excess hydrogen ion is eliminated from the body largely by

A person with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus will develop

Approximately _________liters of peritoneal fluid are produced and reabsorbed each day.

Which of the following descriptions best fits the acid- base disorder respiratory alkalosis?

Substances that can carry electrical current across cell membranes are called

To reduce brain swelling by pulling water out of brain cells, a substance can be injected intravenously to increase the osmotic pressure of interstitial fluid. Which of the following properties can this substance not have in order to be effective?

Which hormones) is released by heart muscle in response to excessive chamber volume?

Hypoventilation leads to

Hypercapnia refers to elevated levels of_________

A person who consumes large amounts of sodium bicarbonate "baking soda") to settle an upset stomach risks

The principal cation in intracellular fluid is

A patient who has been both vomiting and having diarrhea is losing _______from his body.

When the pH of the extracellular fluid drops, the

An)________ consists of a combination of a weak acid and its associated anion.

__________promotes water reabsorption at the kidneys and stimulates thirst.

The release of atrial natriuretic peptides from the heart will cause the body to

When water is lost, but electrolytes are retained,

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemical Level of Organization

The Cellular Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure

The Skeleton

Articulations

Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Neural Tissue

The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Neural Integration

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphoid System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energetics

The Urinary System

The Reproductive System

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