Question 1

Of the following choices, the pH of the least acidic solution is

Accepted Answer

A)  2.3. 
B)  4.5. 
C)  1.0. 
D)  6.0. 
E)  12.0. 
A)  2.3. 
B)  4.5. 
C)  1.0. 
D)  6.0. 
E)  12.0. E

Question 2

Adenine and guanine are

Accepted Answer

A)  purines represented by T and C. 
B)  pyrimidines represented by T and C. 
C)  nucleotides represented by A and G. 
D)  purines represented by A and G. 
E)  pyrimidines represented by A and G. 
A)  purines represented by T and C. 
B)  pyrimidines represented by T and C. 
C)  nucleotides represented by A and G. 
D)  purines represented by A and G. 
E)  pyrimidines represented by A and G. D

Question 3

Ionic bonds are formed when

Accepted Answer

A)  a pair of electrons is shared unequally by two atoms. 
B)  two or more atoms lose electrons at the same time. 
C)  electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another. 
D)  atoms share electrons. 
E)  hydrogen forms bonds with negatively charged atoms. 
A)  a pair of electrons is shared unequally by two atoms. 
B)  two or more atoms lose electrons at the same time. 
C)  electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another. 
D)  atoms share electrons. 
E)  hydrogen forms bonds with negatively charged atoms. C

Question 4

An example of an inorganic substance is

Accepted Answer

A)  fructose. 
B)  water. 
C)  glycerol. 
D)  carbon dioxide. 
E)  both B and D 
A)  fructose. 
B)  water. 
C)  glycerol. 
D)  carbon dioxide. 
E)  both B and D

Question 5

Which property of water helps keep body temperature stabilized?

Accepted Answer

A)  reactivity 
B)  thermal inertia 
C)  kinetic energy 
D)  surface tension 
E)  lubrication 
A)  reactivity 
B)  thermal inertia 
C)  kinetic energy 
D)  surface tension 
E)  lubrication

Question 6

A nanometer is

Accepted Answer

A)  10- 6 meter. 
B)  10- 12 meter. 
C)  10- 8 meter. 
D)  10- 9 meter. 
E)  10- 10 meter. 
A)  10- 6 meter. 
B)  10- 12 meter. 
C)  10- 8 meter. 
D)  10- 9 meter. 
E)  10- 10 meter.

Question 7

Artificial sweeteners

Accepted Answer

A)  are inorganic sugar substitutes. 
B)  are generally many times sweeter than sucrose. 
C)  are naturally similar to sugars. 
D)  provide the same number of calories as an equivalent amount of sucrose. 
E)  are always some form of carbohydrate. 
A)  are inorganic sugar substitutes. 
B)  are generally many times sweeter than sucrose. 
C)  are naturally similar to sugars. 
D)  provide the same number of calories as an equivalent amount of sucrose. 
E)  are always some form of carbohydrate.

Question 8

You would expect a peptide bond to link

Accepted Answer

A)  two nucleotides. 
B)  two simple sugars. 
C)  a peptide and a fatty acid. 
D)  two amino acids. 
E)  a sugar and a peptide. 
A)  two nucleotides. 
B)  two simple sugars. 
C)  a peptide and a fatty acid. 
D)  two amino acids. 
E)  a sugar and a peptide.

Question 9

The innermost electron shell in an atom holds up to _____electrons.

Accepted Answer

A)  6 
B)  4 
C)  2 
D)  8 
E)  1 
A)  6 
B)  4 
C)  2 
D)  8 
E)  1

Question 10

The structure of RNA differs from DNA in that

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA contains pyrimidines but not purines. 
B)  DNA contains pyrimidines but not purines. 
C)  DNA contains purines but not pyrimidines. 
D)  the backbone of RNA contains ribose. 
E)  RNA contains purines but not pyrimidines. 
A)  RNA contains pyrimidines but not purines. 
B)  DNA contains pyrimidines but not purines. 
C)  DNA contains purines but not pyrimidines. 
D)  the backbone of RNA contains ribose. 
E)  RNA contains purines but not pyrimidines.

Question 11

By weight, which element is the second most abundant in the human body?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon 
B)  calcium 
C)  hydrogen 
D)  oxygen 
E)  nitrogen 
A)  carbon 
B)  calcium 
C)  hydrogen 
D)  oxygen 
E)  nitrogen

Question 12

Carbohydrate molecules

Accepted Answer

A)  are composed of C, H, O, and N atoms. 
B)  form the regulatory molecules known as enzymes. 
C)  contain the genetic information found in cells. 
D)  are the building blocks of cellular membranes. 
E)  are the body's most readily available source of energy. 
A)  are composed of C, H, O, and N atoms. 
B)  form the regulatory molecules known as enzymes. 
C)  contain the genetic information found in cells. 
D)  are the building blocks of cellular membranes. 
E)  are the body's most readily available source of energy.

Question 13

All of the following are true concerning enzymes, except that they

Accepted Answer

A)  affect only the rate of a chemical reaction. 
B)  function as biological catalysts. 
C)  lower the activation energy required for a reaction. 
D)  are consumed during the reaction. 
E)  are proteins. 
A)  affect only the rate of a chemical reaction. 
B)  function as biological catalysts. 
C)  lower the activation energy required for a reaction. 
D)  are consumed during the reaction. 
E)  are proteins.

Question 14

Lipids

Accepted Answer

A)  provide roughly twice the energy as carbohydrates. 
B)  cushion organs against shocks. 
C)  help to maintain body temperature. 
D)  form essential structural components of cells. 
E)  all of the above 
A)  provide roughly twice the energy as carbohydrates. 
B)  cushion organs against shocks. 
C)  help to maintain body temperature. 
D)  form essential structural components of cells. 
E)  all of the above

Question 15

Isotopes of an element differ in the number of

Accepted Answer

A)  electrons in the nucleus. 
B)  neutrons in the nucleus. 
C)  electron clouds. 
D)  electrons in energy shells. 
E)  protons in the nucleus. 
A)  electrons in the nucleus. 
B)  neutrons in the nucleus. 
C)  electron clouds. 
D)  electrons in energy shells. 
E)  protons in the nucleus.

Question 16

The most abundant high- energy compound in cells is

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA. 
B)  adenosine triphosphate. 
C)  RNA. 
D)  adenosine diphosphate. 
E)  adenosine monophosphate. 
A)  DNA. 
B)  adenosine triphosphate. 
C)  RNA. 
D)  adenosine diphosphate. 
E)  adenosine monophosphate.

Question 17

Blood has a very narrow normal pH range but urine has a very broad normal pH range. What does that indicate about the physiology of pH?

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis requires that the pH of body

Question 18

Substrate molecules bind to enzymes at the_______sites.

Accepted Answer

A)  carboxyl 
B)  amino 
C)  neutral 
D)  reactant 
E)  active 
A)  carboxyl 
B)  amino 
C)  neutral 
D)  reactant 
E)  active

Question 19

Which of the following statements about hydrogen bonds is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hydrogen bonds are responsible for many of the properties of water. 
B)  Hydrogen bonds are important for holding large molecules together. 
C)  Hydrogen bonds can occur within a single molecule. 
D)  Hydrogen bonds can form between neighboring molecules. 
E)  Hydrogen bonds are strong attractive forces between hydrogen atoms and negatively charged atoms. 
A)  Hydrogen bonds are responsible for many of the properties of water. 
B)  Hydrogen bonds are important for holding large molecules together. 
C)  Hydrogen bonds can occur within a single molecule. 
D)  Hydrogen bonds can form between neighboring molecules. 
E)  Hydrogen bonds are strong attractive forces between hydrogen atoms and negatively charged atoms.

Question 20

Interaction between individual polypeptide chains to form a protein complex is ____structure.

Accepted Answer

A)  tertiary 
B)  pentagonal 
C)  primary 
D)  quaternary 
E)  secondary 
A)  tertiary 
B)  pentagonal 
C)  primary 
D)  quaternary 
E)  secondary

Exam 2: The Chemical Level of Organization

Of the following choices, the pH of the least acidic solution is

Adenine and guanine are

Ionic bonds are formed when

An example of an inorganic substance is

Which property of water helps keep body temperature stabilized?

A nanometer is

Artificial sweeteners

You would expect a peptide bond to link

The innermost electron shell in an atom holds up to _____electrons.

The structure of RNA differs from DNA in that

By weight, which element is the second most abundant in the human body?

Carbohydrate molecules

All of the following are true concerning enzymes, except that they

Lipids

Isotopes of an element differ in the number of

The most abundant high- energy compound in cells is

Blood has a very narrow normal pH range but urine has a very broad normal pH range. What does that indicate about the physiology of pH?

Substrate molecules bind to enzymes at the_______sites.

Which of the following statements about hydrogen bonds is false?

Interaction between individual polypeptide chains to form a protein complex is ____structure.

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Cellular Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure

The Skeleton

Articulations

Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Neural Tissue

The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Neural Integration

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphoid System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energetics

The Urinary System

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

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