Question 1

The number of people within a certain category - such as the number of people in the 18- 44 year old age group - is a .

Accepted Answer

A)  Frequency 
B)  Mean 
C)  Odds ratio 
D)  Variable 
A)  Frequency 
B)  Mean 
C)  Odds ratio 
D)  Variable A

Question 2

What is a histogram?

Accepted Answer

A)  A table with numerical frequencies from a research study. 
B)  A table used to randomly select participants for a research study. 
C)  A medical test to detect changes in gene expression. 
D)  A graphical representation of study data similar to a bar chart. 
A)  A table with numerical frequencies from a research study. 
B)  A table used to randomly select participants for a research study. 
C)  A medical test to detect changes in gene expression. 
D)  A graphical representation of study data similar to a bar chart. D

Question 3

If a treatment has a preventive effect, the odds ratio for that treatment compared to a placebo will be less than 1.0.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

Which of the percentiles from a five-number summary provides the median value of the distribution?

Accepted Answer

A)  0th 
B)  25th 
C)  50th 
D)  100th 
A)  0th 
B)  25th 
C)  50th 
D)  100th

Question 5

Probability quantifies chance on a scale of 0 no chance) to 1 certainty).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which of the following biostatistical terms describes a systematic difference in the results of a study from what is in fact occurring?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bias 
B)  Dichotomize 
C)  Probability sample 
D)  Hypothetical population 
A)  Bias 
B)  Dichotomize 
C)  Probability sample 
D)  Hypothetical population

Question 7

Using the MACS data, we found that the adjusted odds ratio for the relationship between zidovudine treatment between visits 9 and 10 and CD4 counts <250 at visit 10 was 0.95 and the p-value was 0.88. What is the correct interpretation of this finding?

Accepted Answer

A)  People who took zidovudine between visits 9 and 10 were statistically significantly more likely to have a CD4 count <250 at visit 10 compared to people who did not. 
B)  People who took zidovudine between visits 9 and 10 were statistically significantly less likely to have a CD4 count <250 at visit 10 compared to people who did not. 
C)  There was no statistically significant difference in CD4 counts <250 between people who took zidovudine between visits 9 and 10 and people who did not. 
D)  People with CD4 counts <250 at visit 10 were statistically significantly less likely to have taken zidovudine. 
A)  People who took zidovudine between visits 9 and 10 were statistically significantly more likely to have a CD4 count <250 at visit 10 compared to people who did not. 
B)  People who took zidovudine between visits 9 and 10 were statistically significantly less likely to have a CD4 count <250 at visit 10 compared to people who did not. 
C)  There was no statistically significant difference in CD4 counts <250 between people who took zidovudine between visits 9 and 10 and people who did not. 
D)  People with CD4 counts <250 at visit 10 were statistically significantly less likely to have taken zidovudine.

Question 8

The average citizen will not be able to understand biostatistics and the methods of analysis or sources of bias in a research study, so it is best to leave all data interpretation to biostatisticians.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

A statistic calculated based on data from a random sample will be identical to a statistic calculated from any other random sample drawn from the same underlying population.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Doing a complete-case analysis can create selection bias in a study since it eliminated data from individuals who were sampled to be study participants.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

If we calculate an odds ratio of 1.42 and a 95% confidence interval of 0.84-2.14) then we know that the odds ratio is not statistically significant it is not significantly different from 1.0).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

In many public health studies, convenience samples are used rather than probability samples, since people who agree to participate in a study may be different from people who do not agree to participate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

A simple random sample is a type of representative sample in which all subgroups within a larger population have an equal probability of being selected.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

If a research study participant does not accurately remember his past exposures, what type of bias could be introduced?

Accepted Answer

A)  Selection bias 
B)  Recall bias 
C)  Interviewer bias 
D)  Confounding by indication bias 
A)  Selection bias 
B)  Recall bias 
C)  Interviewer bias 
D)  Confounding by indication bias

Question 15

Why is a logistic regression model used in public health and biostatistics?

Accepted Answer

A)  To calculate a five-number summary. 
B)  To calculate adjusted odds ratios that account for confounding variables. 
C)  To control for selection bias in a study. 
D)  To assess whether randomization 
A)  To calculate a five-number summary. 
B)  To calculate adjusted odds ratios that account for confounding variables. 
C)  To control for selection bias in a study. 
D)  To assess whether randomization

Question 16

In order to test a statistical hypothesis or determine whether a measure is statistically significant, we must calculate which measure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Population odds ratio 
B)  Sample median 
C)  P-value 
D)  Five-number summary 
A)  Population odds ratio 
B)  Sample median 
C)  P-value 
D)  Five-number summary

Question 17

Randomized trials are considered the "gold standard" of research because they do not have any sources of bias whatsoever.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

If a description of data focuses on just a single variable at a time it is called a multivariate description.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

If a researcher excludes all individuals who have missing information from her analysis of study participants, she would be doing what kind of analysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  A hypothetical population analysis 
B)  A simple random sample analysis 
C)  A dichotomized analysis 
D)  A complete-case analysis 
A)  A hypothetical population analysis 
B)  A simple random sample analysis 
C)  A dichotomized analysis 
D)  A complete-case analysis

The number of people within a certain category - such as the number of people in the 18- 44 year old age group - is a .

What is a histogram?

If a treatment has a preventive effect, the odds ratio for that treatment compared to a placebo will be less than 1.0.

Which of the percentiles from a five-number summary provides the median value of the distribution?

Probability quantifies chance on a scale of 0 no chance) to 1 certainty).

Which of the following biostatistical terms describes a systematic difference in the results of a study from what is in fact occurring?

Using the MACS data, we found that the adjusted odds ratio for the relationship between zidovudine treatment between visits 9 and 10 and CD4 counts <250 at visit 10 was 0.95 and the p-value was 0.88. What is the correct interpretation of this finding?

The average citizen will not be able to understand biostatistics and the methods of analysis or sources of bias in a research study, so it is best to leave all data interpretation to biostatisticians.

A statistic calculated based on data from a random sample will be identical to a statistic calculated from any other random sample drawn from the same underlying population.

Doing a complete-case analysis can create selection bias in a study since it eliminated data from individuals who were sampled to be study participants.

If we calculate an odds ratio of 1.42 and a 95% confidence interval of 0.84-2.14) then we know that the odds ratio is not statistically significant it is not significantly different from 1.0).

In many public health studies, convenience samples are used rather than probability samples, since people who agree to participate in a study may be different from people who do not agree to participate.

A simple random sample is a type of representative sample in which all subgroups within a larger population have an equal probability of being selected.

If a research study participant does not accurately remember his past exposures, what type of bias could be introduced?

Why is a logistic regression model used in public health and biostatistics?

In order to test a statistical hypothesis or determine whether a measure is statistically significant, we must calculate which measure?

Randomized trials are considered the "gold standard" of research because they do not have any sources of bias whatsoever.

If a description of data focuses on just a single variable at a time it is called a multivariate description.

If a researcher excludes all individuals who have missing information from her analysis of study participants, she would be doing what kind of analysis?

History and Development of Public Health

Modern Public Health Systems

Data for Public Health

Epidemiology: Introduction and Basic Concepts

Study Design

Pharmacoepidemiology

Infectious Disease Epidemiology

Environmental Public Health

Risk and Exposure Assessment

Social and Behavioral Sciences in Public Health

Qualitative Data and Research Methods in Public Health

Tuberculosis

Health Policy and the Us Health Care System

Health Services Research

Health Disparities

Future of Public Health

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Exam 6: Biostatistics

The number of people within a certain category - such as the number of people in the 18- 44 year old age group - is a .

What is a histogram?

If a treatment has a preventive effect, the odds ratio for that treatment compared to a placebo will be less than 1.0.

Which of the percentiles from a five-number summary provides the median value of the distribution?

Probability quantifies chance on a scale of 0 no chance) to 1 certainty).

Which of the following biostatistical terms describes a systematic difference in the results of a study from what is in fact occurring?

Using the MACS data, we found that the adjusted odds ratio for the relationship between zidovudine treatment between visits 9 and 10 and CD4 counts <250 at visit 10 was 0.95 and the p-value was 0.88. What is the correct interpretation of this finding?

The average citizen will not be able to understand biostatistics and the methods of analysis or sources of bias in a research study, so it is best to leave all data interpretation to biostatisticians.

A statistic calculated based on data from a random sample will be identical to a statistic calculated from any other random sample drawn from the same underlying population.

Doing a complete-case analysis can create selection bias in a study since it eliminated data from individuals who were sampled to be study participants.

If we calculate an odds ratio of 1.42 and a 95% confidence interval of 0.84-2.14) then we know that the odds ratio is not statistically significant it is not significantly different from 1.0).

In many public health studies, convenience samples are used rather than probability samples, since people who agree to participate in a study may be different from people who do not agree to participate.

A simple random sample is a type of representative sample in which all subgroups within a larger population have an equal probability of being selected.

If a research study participant does not accurately remember his past exposures, what type of bias could be introduced?

Why is a logistic regression model used in public health and biostatistics?

In order to test a statistical hypothesis or determine whether a measure is statistically significant, we must calculate which measure?

Randomized trials are considered the "gold standard" of research because they do not have any sources of bias whatsoever.

If a description of data focuses on just a single variable at a time it is called a multivariate description.

If a researcher excludes all individuals who have missing information from her analysis of study participants, she would be doing what kind of analysis?

History and Development of Public Health

Modern Public Health Systems

Data for Public Health

Epidemiology: Introduction and Basic Concepts

Study Design

Pharmacoepidemiology

Infectious Disease Epidemiology

Environmental Public Health

Risk and Exposure Assessment

Social and Behavioral Sciences in Public Health

Qualitative Data and Research Methods in Public Health

Tuberculosis

Health Policy and the Us Health Care System

Health Services Research

Health Disparities

Future of Public Health

Filters