Question 1

Why did England rather than China became the first nation to industrialize? Discuss.

Accepted Answer

England rather than China became the first nation to industrialize for several reasons.

Firstly, England had a more conducive environment for industrialization. It had abundant natural resources such as coal and iron, which were essential for industrial development. Additionally, England had a stable political and legal system, which provided a favorable environment for investment and innovation. In contrast, China faced political instability and lacked the necessary resources for industrialization.

Secondly, England had a more advanced and developed financial system. This allowed for the accumulation of capital and investment in industrial ventures. In contrast, China's financial system was underdeveloped and did not support industrial growth.

Thirdly, England had a culture of innovation and entrepreneurship. The scientific revolution and the Enlightenment in Europe led to significant advancements in technology and knowledge, which fueled industrial development. In contrast, China's traditional Confucian values and emphasis on agriculture hindered the development of a culture of innovation and entrepreneurship.

Lastly, England had a strong maritime and colonial empire, which provided access to global markets and sources of raw materials. This allowed for the expansion of trade and the accumulation of wealth, which further supported industrialization.

In conclusion, England's favorable natural resources, stable political and legal system, advanced financial system, culture of innovation, and access to global markets all contributed to its early industrialization, while China faced several obstacles that hindered its industrial development.

Question 2

Sanderson and Alderson argue which of the following about the world's next hegemonic power?

Accepted Answer

A)  given its strong economic position in the world-economy, it is very likely that Japan will be the next hegemon 
B)  it is unlikely that Japan will be the next hegemonic power because it is militarily weak 
C)  there is a good chance China will be the next hegemon 
D)  two of these 
E)  none of these 
A)  given its strong economic position in the world-economy, it is very likely that Japan will be the next hegemon 
B)  it is unlikely that Japan will be the next hegemonic power because it is militarily weak 
C)  there is a good chance China will be the next hegemon 
D)  two of these 
E)  none of these D

Question 3

Giovanni Arrighi's systemic cycles of accumulation consist of two phases in each cycle. These are:

Accepted Answer

A)  production/commerce phase; finance phase 
B)  industrial phase; finance phase 
C)  production/commerce phase; free market phase 
D)  none of these 
A)  production/commerce phase; finance phase 
B)  industrial phase; finance phase 
C)  production/commerce phase; free market phase 
D)  none of these A

Question 4

Contemporary Japanese capitalism differs from capitalism in the West in terms of labor-management relations and the length of time Japanese workers work for a particular company.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Capitalism has become more competitive as it has evolved and expanded.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Discuss the basic evolutionary trends that Wallerstein has identified as most characteristic of the trajectory of modern capitalism. Why does capitalism have the kind of "evolutionary logic" that it does?

Accepted Answer

Wallerstein has identified several basic

Question 7

In which of the following ways is Japanese capitalism distinct from that of the West?

Accepted Answer

A)  Japanese firms are less oriented toward making profits 
B)  Japanese workers have little job security 
C)  Japanese firms are more competitive with one another 
D)  Japanese workers show a higher degree of loyalty to their companies 
A)  Japanese firms are less oriented toward making profits 
B)  Japanese workers have little job security 
C)  Japanese firms are more competitive with one another 
D)  Japanese workers show a higher degree of loyalty to their companies

Question 8

The capitalist world-system is not only an expanding system, for it is also an evolving system. This means that it has:

Accepted Answer

A)  gotten bigger over time 
B)  changed its structure over time 
C)  improved over time 
D)  none of these 
A)  gotten bigger over time 
B)  changed its structure over time 
C)  improved over time 
D)  none of these

Question 9

The capitalist world-system has been an expanding system, which means that it:

Accepted Answer

A)  has gradually become industrialized over time 
B)  will never reach any geographical or economic limits 
C)  has brought an increasing amount of the globe under its influence over time 
D)  all of these 
A)  has gradually become industrialized over time 
B)  will never reach any geographical or economic limits 
C)  has brought an increasing amount of the globe under its influence over time 
D)  all of these

Question 10

Andre Gunder Frank argues that the rapid ascent of the United States as a world- economic power was facilitated by its:

Accepted Answer

A)  privileged position in the mercantile trading system 
B)  incredibly strong military 
C)  "megastate" status 
D)  all of these 
E)  none of these 
A)  privileged position in the mercantile trading system 
B)  incredibly strong military 
C)  "megastate" status 
D)  all of these 
E)  none of these

Question 11

The turn of the twentieth century witnessed the relative decline of Great Britain and the relative ascent of the United States in the world-economy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

According to Sanderson and Alderson, the primary cause of the Industrial Revolution was:

Accepted Answer

A)  the extensive urbanization of Western Europe 
B)  overpopulation and stagnating standards of living 
C)  the sudden expansion of humankind's intellectual powers of invention 
D)  the desire of capitalist entrepreneurs to expand economic productivity and widen markets 
A)  the extensive urbanization of Western Europe 
B)  overpopulation and stagnating standards of living 
C)  the sudden expansion of humankind's intellectual powers of invention 
D)  the desire of capitalist entrepreneurs to expand economic productivity and widen markets

Question 13

What was the Industrial Revolution, and when and where did it occur? Immanuel Wallerstein suggests that the Industrial Revolution was not really revolutionary at all. Explain what he means.

Accepted Answer

The Industrial Revolution was a period o

Question 14

British hegemony was based on:

Accepted Answer

A)  global militarism 
B)  free trade 
C)  a very strong commitment to finance or commercial capitalism 
D)  all of these 
E)  none of these 
A)  global militarism 
B)  free trade 
C)  a very strong commitment to finance or commercial capitalism 
D)  all of these 
E)  none of these

Question 15

Japan's incorporation into the capitalist world-economy began in the late eighteenth century.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Why did industrialization begin in other parts of Europe and in North America not long after it originated in England?

Accepted Answer

Industrialization began in other parts o

Question 17

A general theory of hegemonic decline proposes which of the following to be an important cause of hegemonic decline?

Accepted Answer

A)  the hegemonic society begins favoring free trade policies, thereby providing opportunities for competitors 
B)  internal obstacles, such as declining productive activity, reduce the hegemon's ability to maintain its position as the number one power 
C)  competing economic powers "gang up" on the hegemon to weaken it 
D)  the high standard of living in the hegemonic society leads to inefficiencies in that society 
E)  all of these 
A)  the hegemonic society begins favoring free trade policies, thereby providing opportunities for competitors 
B)  internal obstacles, such as declining productive activity, reduce the hegemon's ability to maintain its position as the number one power 
C)  competing economic powers "gang up" on the hegemon to weaken it 
D)  the high standard of living in the hegemonic society leads to inefficiencies in that society 
E)  all of these

Question 18

Great Britain was hegemonic in the world-system between:

Accepted Answer

A)  1800 and 1945 
B)  1815 and 1873 
C)  1760 and 1830 
D)  1865 and 1915 
A)  1800 and 1945 
B)  1815 and 1873 
C)  1760 and 1830 
D)  1865 and 1915

Question 19

Industrial capitalism differs from other forms of capitalism in that it involves the:

Accepted Answer

A)  earning of profit through the exploitation of wage workers 
B)  reorganization of the work force into the factory system 
C)  establishment of the factory as the basic unit of production 
D)  all of these 
A)  earning of profit through the exploitation of wage workers 
B)  reorganization of the work force into the factory system 
C)  establishment of the factory as the basic unit of production 
D)  all of these

Question 20

The state played only a modest role in the industrialization of Japan.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Why did England rather than China became the first nation to industrialize? Discuss.

Sanderson and Alderson argue which of the following about the world's next hegemonic power?

Giovanni Arrighi's systemic cycles of accumulation consist of two phases in each cycle. These are:

Contemporary Japanese capitalism differs from capitalism in the West in terms of labor-management relations and the length of time Japanese workers work for a particular company.

Capitalism has become more competitive as it has evolved and expanded.

Discuss the basic evolutionary trends that Wallerstein has identified as most characteristic of the trajectory of modern capitalism. Why does capitalism have the kind of "evolutionary logic" that it does?

In which of the following ways is Japanese capitalism distinct from that of the West?

The capitalist world-system is not only an expanding system, for it is also an evolving system. This means that it has:

The capitalist world-system has been an expanding system, which means that it:

Andre Gunder Frank argues that the rapid ascent of the United States as a world- economic power was facilitated by its:

The turn of the twentieth century witnessed the relative decline of Great Britain and the relative ascent of the United States in the world-economy.

According to Sanderson and Alderson, the primary cause of the Industrial Revolution was:

What was the Industrial Revolution, and when and where did it occur? Immanuel Wallerstein suggests that the Industrial Revolution was not really revolutionary at all. Explain what he means.

British hegemony was based on:

Japan's incorporation into the capitalist world-economy began in the late eighteenth century.

Why did industrialization begin in other parts of Europe and in North America not long after it originated in England?

A general theory of hegemonic decline proposes which of the following to be an important cause of hegemonic decline?

Great Britain was hegemonic in the world-system between:

Industrial capitalism differs from other forms of capitalism in that it involves the:

The state played only a modest role in the industrialization of Japan.

10,000 Years of Social Evolution

Theories of Social Evolution and Development

Preindustrial Societies: Hunter-Gatherers and Horticulturalists

Preindustrial Societies: Agrarian and Pastoral Societies

The Rise of the Modern World

Industrial Capitalist Societies

The Rise and Demise of State Socialism

Economic Development and Underdevelopment

Globalization

Retrospect and Prospect: the Past 10,000 Years and the Next 100

Filters

Exam 6: Industrialization and the Expansion of the World-System

Why did England rather than China became the first nation to industrialize? Discuss.

Sanderson and Alderson argue which of the following about the world's next hegemonic power?

Giovanni Arrighi's systemic cycles of accumulation consist of two phases in each cycle. These are:

Contemporary Japanese capitalism differs from capitalism in the West in terms of labor-management relations and the length of time Japanese workers work for a particular company.

Capitalism has become more competitive as it has evolved and expanded.

Discuss the basic evolutionary trends that Wallerstein has identified as most characteristic of the trajectory of modern capitalism. Why does capitalism have the kind of "evolutionary logic" that it does?

In which of the following ways is Japanese capitalism distinct from that of the West?

The capitalist world-system is not only an expanding system, for it is also an evolving system. This means that it has:

The capitalist world-system has been an expanding system, which means that it:

Andre Gunder Frank argues that the rapid ascent of the United States as a world- economic power was facilitated by its:

The turn of the twentieth century witnessed the relative decline of Great Britain and the relative ascent of the United States in the world-economy.

According to Sanderson and Alderson, the primary cause of the Industrial Revolution was:

What was the Industrial Revolution, and when and where did it occur? Immanuel Wallerstein suggests that the Industrial Revolution was not really revolutionary at all. Explain what he means.

British hegemony was based on:

Japan's incorporation into the capitalist world-economy began in the late eighteenth century.

Why did industrialization begin in other parts of Europe and in North America not long after it originated in England?

A general theory of hegemonic decline proposes which of the following to be an important cause of hegemonic decline?

Great Britain was hegemonic in the world-system between:

Industrial capitalism differs from other forms of capitalism in that it involves the:

The state played only a modest role in the industrialization of Japan.

10,000 Years of Social Evolution

Theories of Social Evolution and Development

Preindustrial Societies: Hunter-Gatherers and Horticulturalists

Preindustrial Societies: Agrarian and Pastoral Societies

The Rise of the Modern World

Industrial Capitalist Societies

The Rise and Demise of State Socialism

Economic Development and Underdevelopment

Globalization

Retrospect and Prospect: the Past 10,000 Years and the Next 100

Filters