Question 1

Syphilis and the HIV virus are both examples of teratogens that can cause abnormal prenatal development.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

A father believes that certain behaviours are more appropriate for boys than for girls. His wife has heard him share these beliefs and she wonders whether they are partly responsible for the fact that he relates differently to his son, with whom he tends to use more verbal and physical prohibition than he does with his daughter. In this example, the father's beliefs would be examples of , while the fact that he treats his children differently depending on their gender demonstrates the concept of _.

Accepted Answer

A)  sex-role stereotypes; sex-typing 
B)  gender identities; gender constancies 
C)  gender identities; sex-typing 
D)  sex-role stereotypes; gender preferences 
A)  sex-role stereotypes; sex-typing 
B)  gender identities; gender constancies 
C)  gender identities; sex-typing 
D)  sex-role stereotypes; gender preferences

Question 3

Which of the following statements regarding Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Research results suggest that Piaget's theory was relatively accurate for the earlier stages but research has not been as supportive of the formal operational stage. 
B)  Research results are largely consistent with Piaget's theory, but there are some important limitations and inaccuracies. 
C)  Research regarding the validity of Piaget's theory has yet to be conducted. 
D)  Research results suggest that Piaget's model is relatively accurate and, though the speed of cognitive development may be influenced by cultural factors, children cross culturally still pass through all the stages and in the correct order. 
A)  Research results suggest that Piaget's theory was relatively accurate for the earlier stages but research has not been as supportive of the formal operational stage. 
B)  Research results are largely consistent with Piaget's theory, but there are some important limitations and inaccuracies. 
C)  Research regarding the validity of Piaget's theory has yet to be conducted. 
D)  Research results suggest that Piaget's model is relatively accurate and, though the speed of cognitive development may be influenced by cultural factors, children cross culturally still pass through all the stages and in the correct order.

Question 4

Which of the below statements about newborn visual preferences is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  infants prefer simpler patterns to complex patterns 
B)  infants prefer patterned to non-patterned stimuli 
C)  infants prefer their mother's face (perhaps based on hairline) to a stranger's face 
D)  infants prefer novel to familiar stimuli 
E)  infants prefer faces to simpler patterns 
A)  infants prefer simpler patterns to complex patterns 
B)  infants prefer patterned to non-patterned stimuli 
C)  infants prefer their mother's face (perhaps based on hairline) to a stranger's face 
D)  infants prefer novel to familiar stimuli 
E)  infants prefer faces to simpler patterns

Question 5

The primary difference between Lawrence Kohlberg's stage 3 and stage 4 moral reasoning is that in stage 3, children base their decisions on social expectations, while in stage 4 they base them on _.

Accepted Answer

A)  higher abstract principle, such as justice 
B)  rewards 
C)  rules that must be obeyed 
D)  punishments 
A)  higher abstract principle, such as justice 
B)  rewards 
C)  rules that must be obeyed 
D)  punishments

Question 6

Professor Lee is interested in the cognitive development of children. So she looks at the problem solving strategies in a group of six-year olds and then tests them again every year until they are 10. Professor Lee's research uses a

Accepted Answer

A)  sequential design 
B)  cross-sectional design 
C)  longitudinal design 
D)  random design 
E)  stage design 
A)  sequential design 
B)  cross-sectional design 
C)  longitudinal design 
D)  random design 
E)  stage design

Question 7

In a sequential research design, there is repeated testing of _.

Accepted Answer

A)  several gender cohorts 
B)  a single gender cohort 
C)  a single age cohort 
D)  several age cohorts 
A)  several gender cohorts 
B)  a single gender cohort 
C)  a single age cohort 
D)  several age cohorts

Question 8

A researcher who explains a child's poor performance on a cognitive task as being due to the child's inefficient search strategies and the child's lack of awareness of his own cognitive processes would best be described as taking a(n) approach to cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioural 
B)  Piagetian 
C)  discontinuous 
D)  information-processing 
A)  behavioural 
B)  Piagetian 
C)  discontinuous 
D)  information-processing

Question 9

Which of the following conclusions regarding Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development has received empirical support?

Accepted Answer

A)  When it does occur, postconventional reasoning is more common in males. 
B)  Even in adulthood, conventional moral reasoning is relatively uncommon. 
C)  Contrary to his model, it is not uncommon for children to skip a level of moral development. 
D)  A person's moral judgments do not always reflect the same level or stages within levels. 
A)  When it does occur, postconventional reasoning is more common in males. 
B)  Even in adulthood, conventional moral reasoning is relatively uncommon. 
C)  Contrary to his model, it is not uncommon for children to skip a level of moral development. 
D)  A person's moral judgments do not always reflect the same level or stages within levels.

Question 10

Before four-year-old Pat rode a tricycle, Pat believed it was the wind that caused tricycles to move. When Pat rode a tricycle for the first time, Pat discovered it was peddling that moved the tricycle. Pat changed his schema about how tricycles move through the process of _.

Accepted Answer

A)  concrete operations 
B)  formal operations 
C)  accommodation 
D)  assimilation 
A)  concrete operations 
B)  formal operations 
C)  accommodation 
D)  assimilation

Question 11

The teratogen nicotine is associated with which of the following fetal and infant abnormalities?

Accepted Answer

A)  low birth weight and an increased risk for miscarriage 
B)  mental retardation and attention deficiency 
C)  facial irregularities and hyperactivity 
D)  smaller than average brains and drug addiction 
A)  low birth weight and an increased risk for miscarriage 
B)  mental retardation and attention deficiency 
C)  facial irregularities and hyperactivity 
D)  smaller than average brains and drug addiction

Question 12

At daycare, Nicole and Christine are both fighting over a broken cookie. They both had cookies of the same size, but Nicole's broke in half and now Christine thinks that Nicole has more than she does. When the daycare provider shows the girls that they both have equal amounts of cookie, Christine calms down as she now understands. Nicole continues to feel superior, having more cookie than Christine. According to Piaget:

Accepted Answer

A)  Christine has mastered conservation while Nicole has not 
B)  Nicole is demonstrating object permanence 
C)  Nicole has mastered conservation while Christine has not 
D)  Christine has not acquired an understanding of reversibility 
A)  Christine has mastered conservation while Nicole has not 
B)  Nicole is demonstrating object permanence 
C)  Nicole has mastered conservation while Christine has not 
D)  Christine has not acquired an understanding of reversibility

Question 13

Sandra is able to understand a false belief task. According to the idea of theory of mind, Sandra should

Accepted Answer

A)  be able to lie 
B)  be able to walk without support 
C)  show emotion regulation 
D)  have solved the autonomy crisis 
E)  fail an object permanence task 
A)  be able to lie 
B)  be able to walk without support 
C)  show emotion regulation 
D)  have solved the autonomy crisis 
E)  fail an object permanence task

Question 14

According to Jean Piaget, the process in which new information is incorporated into pre-existing schemas is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  adaptation. 
B)  accommodation. 
C)  adjustment. 
D)  assimilation. 
A)  adaptation. 
B)  accommodation. 
C)  adjustment. 
D)  assimilation.

Question 15

Which of the following types of learning have been demonstrated with newborns?

Accepted Answer

A)  Newborns can acquire classical and operant conditioned responses but show no evidence of learning through modelling. 
B)  Newborns show no evidence of learning though classical conditioning, operant conditioning, or modelling. 
C)  Newborns show clear evidence of learning though classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and modelling. 
D)  Newborns can acquire classically conditioned responses but show no evidence of learning through modelling and operant conditioning. 
A)  Newborns can acquire classical and operant conditioned responses but show no evidence of learning through modelling. 
B)  Newborns show no evidence of learning though classical conditioning, operant conditioning, or modelling. 
C)  Newborns show clear evidence of learning though classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and modelling. 
D)  Newborns can acquire classically conditioned responses but show no evidence of learning through modelling and operant conditioning.

Question 16

A child has low self-esteem, is not very popular with her peers, and is not doing very well in school, but shows no signs of any aggressive or impulsive behaviour. These are all adjustment outcomes associated with the style of parenting.

Accepted Answer

A)  authoritative 
B)  authoritarian 
C)  neglectful 
D)  indulgent 
A)  authoritative 
B)  authoritarian 
C)  neglectful 
D)  indulgent

Question 17

Jean Piaget's concept of assimilation specifically refers to the ways in which new experiences are incorporated with pre-existing schemas.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

A couple with three kids is considering divorce, but is wondering if they should remain together for the sake of their children. Research suggests that the most important factor that they should take into consideration is:

Accepted Answer

A)  whether adultery is involved. 
B)  how old the children are. 
C)  the amount of conflict in their relationship. 
D)  how long they have been married. 
A)  whether adultery is involved. 
B)  how old the children are. 
C)  the amount of conflict in their relationship. 
D)  how long they have been married.

Question 19

Which of the following statements concerning divorce is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Though divorce is associated with several temporary short-term negative outcomes, research indicates that it is associated with almost no long-term negative outcomes. 
B)  Divorce has serious short- and long-term consequences that negatively impact the majority of children from divorced families. 
C)  Though divorce is associated with an increased risk for a variety of short- and long-term problems, most children from divorced families develop into normally adjusted adults. 
D)  Though there are no immediate short-term risks associated with divorce, there are several long-term negative effects that impact the majority of children from divorced families. 
A)  Though divorce is associated with several temporary short-term negative outcomes, research indicates that it is associated with almost no long-term negative outcomes. 
B)  Divorce has serious short- and long-term consequences that negatively impact the majority of children from divorced families. 
C)  Though divorce is associated with an increased risk for a variety of short- and long-term problems, most children from divorced families develop into normally adjusted adults. 
D)  Though there are no immediate short-term risks associated with divorce, there are several long-term negative effects that impact the majority of children from divorced families.

Question 20

An adolescent is going through a search for identity. She wants to establish an identity and is currently experiencing a crisis, but it has not been resolved. According to Marcia's work on identity status, this adolescent is in the stage of

Accepted Answer

A)  identity achievement. 
B)  identity diffusion. 
C)  moratorium. 
D)  foreclosure. 
E)  crisis management. 
A)  identity achievement. 
B)  identity diffusion. 
C)  moratorium. 
D)  foreclosure. 
E)  crisis management.

Syphilis and the HIV virus are both examples of teratogens that can cause abnormal prenatal development.

Which of the following statements regarding Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development is most accurate?

Which of the below statements about newborn visual preferences is NOT true?

The primary difference between Lawrence Kohlberg's stage 3 and stage 4 moral reasoning is that in stage 3, children base their decisions on social expectations, while in stage 4 they base them on _.

Professor Lee is interested in the cognitive development of children. So she looks at the problem solving strategies in a group of six-year olds and then tests them again every year until they are 10. Professor Lee's research uses a

In a sequential research design, there is repeated testing of _.

A researcher who explains a child's poor performance on a cognitive task as being due to the child's inefficient search strategies and the child's lack of awareness of his own cognitive processes would best be described as taking a(n) approach to cognitive development.

Which of the following conclusions regarding Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development has received empirical support?

Before four-year-old Pat rode a tricycle, Pat believed it was the wind that caused tricycles to move. When Pat rode a tricycle for the first time, Pat discovered it was peddling that moved the tricycle. Pat changed his schema about how tricycles move through the process of _.

The teratogen nicotine is associated with which of the following fetal and infant abnormalities?

Sandra is able to understand a false belief task. According to the idea of theory of mind, Sandra should

According to Jean Piaget, the process in which new information is incorporated into pre-existing schemas is known as:

Which of the following types of learning have been demonstrated with newborns?

A child has low self-esteem, is not very popular with her peers, and is not doing very well in school, but shows no signs of any aggressive or impulsive behaviour. These are all adjustment outcomes associated with the style of parenting.

Jean Piaget's concept of assimilation specifically refers to the ways in which new experiences are incorporated with pre-existing schemas.

A couple with three kids is considering divorce, but is wondering if they should remain together for the sake of their children. Research suggests that the most important factor that they should take into consideration is:

Which of the following statements concerning divorce is most accurate?

An adolescent is going through a search for identity. She wants to establish an identity and is currently experiencing a crisis, but it has not been resolved. According to Marcia's work on identity status, this adolescent is in the stage of

Psychology: the Science of Behaviour

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Biological Foundations of Behaviour

Genes, Evolution, and Behaviour

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Learning and Adaptation: the Role of Experience

Memory

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Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Behaviour in a Social Context

Personality

Stress, Coping, and Health

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Treatment of Psychological Disorders

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Exam 12: Development Over the Lifespan

Syphilis and the HIV virus are both examples of teratogens that can cause abnormal prenatal development.

Which of the following statements regarding Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development is most accurate?

Which of the below statements about newborn visual preferences is NOT true?

The primary difference between Lawrence Kohlberg's stage 3 and stage 4 moral reasoning is that in stage 3, children base their decisions on social expectations, while in stage 4 they base them on _.

Professor Lee is interested in the cognitive development of children. So she looks at the problem solving strategies in a group of six-year olds and then tests them again every year until they are 10. Professor Lee's research uses a

In a sequential research design, there is repeated testing of _.

A researcher who explains a child's poor performance on a cognitive task as being due to the child's inefficient search strategies and the child's lack of awareness of his own cognitive processes would best be described as taking a(n) approach to cognitive development.

Which of the following conclusions regarding Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development has received empirical support?

Before four-year-old Pat rode a tricycle, Pat believed it was the wind that caused tricycles to move. When Pat rode a tricycle for the first time, Pat discovered it was peddling that moved the tricycle. Pat changed his schema about how tricycles move through the process of _.

The teratogen nicotine is associated with which of the following fetal and infant abnormalities?

Sandra is able to understand a false belief task. According to the idea of theory of mind, Sandra should

According to Jean Piaget, the process in which new information is incorporated into pre-existing schemas is known as:

Which of the following types of learning have been demonstrated with newborns?

A child has low self-esteem, is not very popular with her peers, and is not doing very well in school, but shows no signs of any aggressive or impulsive behaviour. These are all adjustment outcomes associated with the style of parenting.

Jean Piaget's concept of assimilation specifically refers to the ways in which new experiences are incorporated with pre-existing schemas.

A couple with three kids is considering divorce, but is wondering if they should remain together for the sake of their children. Research suggests that the most important factor that they should take into consideration is:

Which of the following statements concerning divorce is most accurate?

An adolescent is going through a search for identity. She wants to establish an identity and is currently experiencing a crisis, but it has not been resolved. According to Marcia's work on identity status, this adolescent is in the stage of

Psychology: the Science of Behaviour

Studying Behaviour Scientifically

Biological Foundations of Behaviour

Genes, Evolution, and Behaviour

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Learning and Adaptation: the Role of Experience

Memory

Language and Thinking

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Behaviour in a Social Context

Personality

Stress, Coping, and Health

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters