Exam 7: Cognition and Problem Solving in the Everyday World

In research on decision making in a consumer context,individuals,asked to make choices about what to purchase,use either compensatory or noncompensatory decision rules.Define each of these and explain which kind of rules young and older adults are more likely to use.

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Question 1

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With compensatory decision rules,the individual sums,weighs,and averages the information about all possible alternatives prior to making a decision.With noncompensatory decision rules,the indivdiual eliminates alternatives before considering all the detailed information that is available.Young adults are more likely to use compensatory rules,which are more cognitively demanding than the noncompensatory rules used more often by older adults.

In general,individuals who collaborate with others before making a final decision think about problems in more complex ways than those who do not collaborate before reaching a decision.

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Question 2

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Which strategy is most likely to be used by older adults to solve everyday dilemmas that are low in emotional significance?

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Question 3

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People use various strategies when they are faced with dilemmas.When dilemmas that are high in emotional significance (such as handling conflicts between friends or family members),which type of strategy is most often used by older adults?

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Question 4

What types of causal attributions can people (perceivers) make for a positive or negative outcome experienced by another person (target) who has been faced with a social dilemma? Are there any age-related differences in the kind of attributions perceivers make?

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Question 5

According to the constant-probability-of-success model of creativity,________.

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Question 6

Explain the difference between formal operations and postformal thinking.In which situation would each be most effective?

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Question 7

Wise individuals _____________.

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Question 8

Define wisdom and explain what we know about the relationship between wisdom and age.

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Question 9

According to a study conducted by Johnson,when making a decision about purchasing a car,older adults _______________.

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Question 10

Which of the following statements is true about creative productivity?

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Question 11

In studying perspective-taking about moral dilemmas,researchers found that younger adults are more likely than older adults to consider the perspective of all the characters involved.

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Question 12

Research has been clear in demonstrating that older adults show a higher degree of wisdom than do young and middle-aged adults.

(True/False)

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Question 13

Compared to the creative works produced earlier in adulthood,the creative works produced in older adulthood focus more on simplicity of style and integration of ideas.

(True/False)

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Question 14

What is meant by collaborative cognitive activities and what is their utility for older adults?

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Question 15

Unfortunately,wise older adults usually have a lower level of personal well-being compared to older adults who are not wise and are happy in their ignorance.

(True/False)

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Question 16

Collins et al.compared the interpersonal problem solving solutions of Australian women ages 65 to 90 who either lived in the Adelaide community or in a group nursing hostel in the same area.The women were asked to solve problems that occurred either in a community context or in a nursing hostel context.Which of the following describes what Collins et al.found?

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Question 17

Explain the difference between formal knowledge and tacit knowledge.

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Question 18

Prior to making a decision such as purchasing a car,young adults are ______________ to sum,weigh,and average all possible alternatives.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 19

When making causal attributions for a social outcome,people in Asian cultures are more likely than people in Western cultures to make _________ attributions.

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Question 20

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In research on decision making in a consumer context,individuals,asked to make choices about what to purchase,use either compensatory or noncompensatory decision rules.Define each of these and explain which kind of rules young and older adults are more likely to use.

In general,individuals who collaborate with others before making a final decision think about problems in more complex ways than those who do not collaborate before reaching a decision.

Which strategy is most likely to be used by older adults to solve everyday dilemmas that are low in emotional significance?

People use various strategies when they are faced with dilemmas.When dilemmas that are high in emotional significance (such as handling conflicts between friends or family members),which type of strategy is most often used by older adults?

What types of causal attributions can people (perceivers) make for a positive or negative outcome experienced by another person (target) who has been faced with a social dilemma? Are there any age-related differences in the kind of attributions perceivers make?

According to the constant-probability-of-success model of creativity,________.

Explain the difference between formal operations and postformal thinking.In which situation would each be most effective?

Wise individuals _____________.

Define wisdom and explain what we know about the relationship between wisdom and age.

According to a study conducted by Johnson,when making a decision about purchasing a car,older adults _______________.

Which of the following statements is true about creative productivity?

In studying perspective-taking about moral dilemmas,researchers found that younger adults are more likely than older adults to consider the perspective of all the characters involved.

Research has been clear in demonstrating that older adults show a higher degree of wisdom than do young and middle-aged adults.

Compared to the creative works produced earlier in adulthood,the creative works produced in older adulthood focus more on simplicity of style and integration of ideas.

What is meant by collaborative cognitive activities and what is their utility for older adults?

Unfortunately,wise older adults usually have a lower level of personal well-being compared to older adults who are not wise and are happy in their ignorance.

Explain the difference between formal knowledge and tacit knowledge.

Prior to making a decision such as purchasing a car,young adults are ______________ to sum,weigh,and average all possible alternatives.

When making causal attributions for a social outcome,people in Asian cultures are more likely than people in Western cultures to make _________ attributions.

Introduction to Aging and Older Adulthood

Theory and Method in Studying Aging and Older Adulthood

Biological Aging and Health

Sensation, Perception, and Attention

Memory

Intellectual Functioning

Personality and Coping

Social Interaction and Social Ties

Employment, Retirement, and Living Arrangements

Mental Health, Psychopathology, and Therapy

Coping With Death, Dying, and Bereavement

Looking Ahead: Aging in the Future

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