Question 1

The variable manipulated by the experimenter is called the:

Accepted Answer

A)  independent variable. 
B)  control variable. 
C)  dependent variable. 
D)  correlation coefficient. 
A)  independent variable. 
B)  control variable. 
C)  dependent variable. 
D)  correlation coefficient. A

Question 2

A scatterplot with many points in the lower right quadrant of the plot, many points in the upper left quadrant, and very few points in the other quadrants would indicate a:

Accepted Answer

A)  positive correlation. 
B)  negative correlation. 
C)  inverse correlation. 
D)  none of the above 
A)  positive correlation. 
B)  negative correlation. 
C)  inverse correlation. 
D)  none of the above A

Question 3

The use of random assignment is based on a specific assumption. Identify/explain that assumption.

Accepted Answer

If you study enough people, any important differences between them (and from other sources) will balance out between groups. Each group will therefore be likely to have as many depressed people, confident people, or people with any other trait that might be important.

Question 4

What prevents the results of a single case study from being applied to many people?

Accepted Answer

A)  lack of test-retest reliability 
B)  lack of generality 
C)  general scoring error 
D)  singular inconsistency 
A)  lack of test-retest reliability 
B)  lack of generality 
C)  general scoring error 
D)  singular inconsistency

Question 5

If lower values on one variable are associated with lower values on another, the two variables are negatively correlated.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Ensuring that all variables are constant in an experiment, except for the independent variable, is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  random sampling. 
B)  experimental control. 
C)  random assignment. 
D)  experimental manipulation. 
A)  random sampling. 
B)  experimental control. 
C)  random assignment. 
D)  experimental manipulation.

Question 7

Personality psychologists have criticized experiments on the grounds that they don't deal directly with personality.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

To test whether research findings can be attributed to chance, researchers use:

Accepted Answer

A)  random numbers tables. 
B)  descriptive statistics. 
C)  inferential statistics. 
D)  all of the above 
A)  random numbers tables. 
B)  descriptive statistics. 
C)  inferential statistics. 
D)  all of the above

Question 9

If a researcher randomly assigns subjects to two groups at the beginning of an experiment, we can assume that at that point:

Accepted Answer

A)  the groups will have similar numbers of males and females. 
B)  the two groups will be similar with respect to IQ. 
C)  the two groups will be approximately equal in size. 
D)  all of the above 
A)  the groups will have similar numbers of males and females. 
B)  the two groups will be similar with respect to IQ. 
C)  the two groups will be approximately equal in size. 
D)  all of the above

Question 10

In addition to statistical significance, psychologists often talk about the __________significance of research results.

Accepted Answer

A)  scientific 
B)  humanitarian 
C)  practical 
D)  therapeutic 
A)  scientific 
B)  humanitarian 
C)  practical 
D)  therapeutic

Question 11

A__________ is a dimension, along which variations exist. There are always at least two__________ along each dimension.

Accepted Answer

A)  level, constructs 
B)  value, variables 
C)  variable, observations 
D)  variable, values 
A)  level, constructs 
B)  value, variables 
C)  variable, observations 
D)  variable, values

Question 12

When low values on one dimension are associated with high values on another dimension, the correlation between the two variables is termed:

Accepted Answer

A)  inadequate. 
B)  inverse. 
C)  qualified. 
D)  substantive. 
A)  inadequate. 
B)  inverse. 
C)  qualified. 
D)  substantive.

Question 13

A perfect positive correlation is indicated by an r value of:

Accepted Answer

A)  0.0 
B)  1.0 
C)  10.0 
D)  100.0 
A)  0.0 
B)  1.0 
C)  10.0 
D)  100.0

Question 14

Which of the following is one way to organize information about a correlation?

Accepted Answer

A)  a scatterplot 
B)  a horizontal plot 
C)  a pie chart 
D)  none of the above 
A)  a scatterplot 
B)  a horizontal plot 
C)  a pie chart 
D)  none of the above

Question 15

In order to study age-related changes in personality, you would need to study at least two age groups.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

It is possible to observe an interaction if a study includes one variable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Correlational research cannot tell us:

Accepted Answer

A)  how strongly two variables go together. 
B)  why two variables go together. 
C)  whether two variables go together. 
D)  in what direction two variables go together. 
A)  how strongly two variables go together. 
B)  why two variables go together. 
C)  whether two variables go together. 
D)  in what direction two variables go together.

Question 18

Which of the following is the strongest plausible correlation coefficient?

Accepted Answer

A)  1.68 
B)  -.63 
C)  .42 
D)  .56 
A)  1.68 
B)  -.63 
C)  .42 
D)  .56

Question 19

Henry Murray used the term__________ to describe efforts to understand the whole person.

Accepted Answer

A)  biographical research 
B)  personology 
C)  introspection 
D)  macro-assessment 
A)  biographical research 
B)  personology 
C)  introspection 
D)  macro-assessment

Question 20

A statistically significant correlation is always an important one.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

The variable manipulated by the experimenter is called the:

A scatterplot with many points in the lower right quadrant of the plot, many points in the upper left quadrant, and very few points in the other quadrants would indicate a:

The use of random assignment is based on a specific assumption. Identify/explain that assumption.

What prevents the results of a single case study from being applied to many people?

If lower values on one variable are associated with lower values on another, the two variables are negatively correlated.

Ensuring that all variables are constant in an experiment, except for the independent variable, is called:

Personality psychologists have criticized experiments on the grounds that they don't deal directly with personality.

To test whether research findings can be attributed to chance, researchers use:

If a researcher randomly assigns subjects to two groups at the beginning of an experiment, we can assume that at that point:

In addition to statistical significance, psychologists often talk about the __________significance of research results.

A is a dimension, along which variations exist. There are always at least two along each dimension.

When low values on one dimension are associated with high values on another dimension, the correlation between the two variables is termed:

A perfect positive correlation is indicated by an r value of:

Which of the following is one way to organize information about a correlation?

In order to study age-related changes in personality, you would need to study at least two age groups.

It is possible to observe an interaction if a study includes one variable.

Correlational research cannot tell us:

Which of the following is the strongest plausible correlation coefficient?

Henry Murray used the term__________ to describe efforts to understand the whole person.

A statistically significant correlation is always an important one.

What Is Personality Psychology

Issues in Personality Assessment

The Trait Perspective

The Motive Perspective

Genetics, Evolution, and Personality

Biological Processes and Personality

The Psychoanalytic Perspective

Psychosocial Theories

The Learning Perspective

Self-Actualization and Self-Determination

The Cognitive Perspective

The Self-Regulation Perspective

Personality in Perspective: Overlap and Integration

Filters

Exam 2: Methods in the Study of Personality

The variable manipulated by the experimenter is called the:

A scatterplot with many points in the lower right quadrant of the plot, many points in the upper left quadrant, and very few points in the other quadrants would indicate a:

The use of random assignment is based on a specific assumption. Identify/explain that assumption.

What prevents the results of a single case study from being applied to many people?

If lower values on one variable are associated with lower values on another, the two variables are negatively correlated.

Ensuring that all variables are constant in an experiment, except for the independent variable, is called:

Personality psychologists have criticized experiments on the grounds that they don't deal directly with personality.

To test whether research findings can be attributed to chance, researchers use:

If a researcher randomly assigns subjects to two groups at the beginning of an experiment, we can assume that at that point:

In addition to statistical significance, psychologists often talk about the __________significance of research results.

A__________ is a dimension, along which variations exist. There are always at least two__________ along each dimension.

When low values on one dimension are associated with high values on another dimension, the correlation between the two variables is termed:

A perfect positive correlation is indicated by an r value of:

Which of the following is one way to organize information about a correlation?

In order to study age-related changes in personality, you would need to study at least two age groups.

It is possible to observe an interaction if a study includes one variable.

Correlational research cannot tell us:

Which of the following is the strongest plausible correlation coefficient?

Henry Murray used the term__________ to describe efforts to understand the whole person.

A statistically significant correlation is always an important one.

What Is Personality Psychology

Issues in Personality Assessment

The Trait Perspective

The Motive Perspective

Genetics, Evolution, and Personality

Biological Processes and Personality

The Psychoanalytic Perspective

Psychosocial Theories

The Learning Perspective

Self-Actualization and Self-Determination

The Cognitive Perspective

The Self-Regulation Perspective

Personality in Perspective: Overlap and Integration

Filters

A is a dimension, along which variations exist. There are always at least two along each dimension.