Exam 4: Product Costs and Job Order Costing

Keeping in mind the sources cited, discuss the credibility of the claim(s) made in the following passage: "The UFOnauts are usually clothed in shiny, tight fitting, one piece suits, and in most reports seem able to breathe our air without difficulty. Telepathy seems involved in most contacts.... If you are tired of the same old pseudoexplanations, official debunkings, and lame duck logic from quacks suffering megalomania, then you are invited to join the concerted efforts of the UFO Contact Center...." -From a pamphlet, undated, issued in the 1980s by Aileen E.Edwards, director of UFO Contact Center International in Seattle, Washington

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Question 1

Correct Answer:

Verified

The "center" is a clearinghouse for those who have had contact with extraterrestrials to share their fears and insights without condemnation. Edwards herself has had such an experience, says the pamphlet, and now is reaching out to help people with similar stories. The language has a typical "us vs. them" flavor, with those who would offer a more coherent explanation labeled as "quacks"; the assumption is that those who have certain experiences are best able to determine "what really happened." We admit to being quacks: We think Ms. Edwards may be a bit delusional.

Physical characteristics provide crucial details about a person's credibility.

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(True/False)

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Question 2

Correct Answer:

Verified

False

Assess the following as probably , as probably , as requiring further documentation before judgment, or as a claim that cannot properly be evaluated. Consider both the nature of the claim and the source. Reported after a debate between Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama, who were running for the Democratic nomination for the presidency in 2008: "James Carville, a Clinton advisor and supporter, declared his candidate the 'winner' in the debate, saying she'd made her case more strongly."

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Question 3

Correct Answer:

Verified

Cannot properly be evaluated. Absolutely unreliable for reasons of bias. We'd reserve judgment.

Assess the following as probably , as probably , as requiring further documentation before judgment, or as a claim that cannot properly be evaluated. Consider both the nature of the claim and the source. "By age 30, roughly a quarter of men and women have discernibly graying hair. Even so, only 28 percent of us ever become completely white haired." -Lowell Ponte, Reader's Digest

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Question 4

Assess the following as probably , as probably , as requiring further documentation before judgment, or as a claim that cannot properly be evaluated. Consider both the nature of the claim and the source. "[G]ram for gram, trans fat [found in hydrogenated oil] is nearly as bad for your blood-cholesterol levels as saturated fat is.... Brandeis University scientists... concluded that trans fats may be worse than saturated fats...." -Consumer Reports On Health

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Question 5

Assess the following as probably , as probably , as requiring further documentation before judgment, or as a claim that cannot properly be evaluated. Consider both the nature of the claim and the source. "The past year was a turbulent one. It was a year that began with record profits and sales. It was also a year in which we reported the first quarterly loss in Apple's history. We had to take swift action. We did. And it's working." -Apple Computer Inc., 1985 Annual Report

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Question 6

Giving at least one reason for your choice, which of two current movies would you be more apt to like? a. one recommended by a movie critic whose opinions you enjoy listening to b. one recommended by a friend

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Question 7

For the following issue, discuss which source you'd trust more, and give at least one reason why. You may want to add to or otherwise modify our list of sources. And do keep in mind that we are glad our livelihoods do not depend on a general consensus on our rankings. Issue: Should lawyers allow their clients to lie? a. the U.S. Supreme Court b. a law school professor c. a political science professor d. the American Bar Association e. a practicing defense attorney

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Question 8

Factual claims that conflict with what we think we know ought to be rejected, but only if we can disprove them through direct observation.

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Question 9

Assess the following as probably , as probably , as requiring further documentation before judgment, or as a claim that cannot properly be evaluated. Consider both the nature of the claim and the source.

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Question 10

If you have reason to believe that an expert is biased, you should reject that expert's claim as .

(True/False)

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Question 11

For the following issue, discuss which source you'd trust more, and give at least one reason why. You may want to add to or otherwise modify our list of sources. And do keep in mind that we are glad our livelihoods do not depend on a general consensus on our rankings. Issue: Whether Viking explorers actually landed in the New World before Columbus. a. a historian b. the publisher of a Norwegian-language newspaper in Willmar, Minnesota c. a Norwegian archaeologist d. an Italian archaeologist e. an archaeologist of French ancestry who grew up in Texas

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Question 12

Whom would you trust as most reliable? Discuss the credibility and authority of each individual or group listed with regard to the following issue: You have saved up for a vacation and are considering taking a cruise on a cruise ship. You are unsure whether this would be the right kind of vacation for you and, if it is, what kind of cruise would be best for you and your budget. a. a travel agent b. a cruise line representative c. a friend who has been on a cruise d. a newspaper travel writer

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Question 13

Assess the following as probably , as probably , as requiring further documentation before judgment, or as a claim that cannot properly be evaluated. Consider both the nature of the claim and the source. Industrial lobbyists: "Climate change is a myth."

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Question 14

Keeping in mind the sources cited, discuss the credibility of the claim(s) made in the following passage: "'You hear in the folklore about miracles happening, but I have never seen one thing yet that could be called an actual medical cure,' says Douglas Sharon, a University of California, Los Angeles, anthropologist who has studied curandrismo [Peruvian folk medicine] on the north coast of Peru for 18 years." -From a National Geographic Magazine news feature

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Question 15

Exercise: List fifteen items that you believe to be about current popular music. When you are finished, trade your list for that of a classmate. Place each item from your classmate's list into one of three categories: (1) those you believe to be , (2) those you believe to be , and (3) those you are uncertain about. Next, explain to each other why you assigned the items as you did. Finally, based on this discussion, compile a third list that contains only those items from the original lists that both of you know to be . Submit this list to your instructor for any comments he or she might have.

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Question 16

Assess the following as probably , as probably , as requiring further documentation before judgment, or as a claim that cannot properly be evaluated. Consider both the nature of the claim and the source. "My cat has fewer brains than a hubcap!" -Spoken by one of the authors of the text after his cat had spent three days on his housetop

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Question 17

Assess the following as probably , as probably , as requiring further documentation before judgment, or as a claim that cannot properly be evaluated. Consider both the nature of the claim and the source. According to Funk & Wagnalls Hammond World Atlas, the three longest rivers in the world are the Nile, the Amazon, and the Yangtze.

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Question 18

Assess the following as probably , as probably , as requiring further documentation before judgment, or as a claim that cannot properly be evaluated. Consider both the nature of the claim and the source. "[Atmospheric nuclear] tests do not seriously endanger either present or future generations." -Edward Teller, physicist, one of the "fathers" of the atomic bomb, 1958

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Question 19

How many homicides involve the use of a stolen firearm? Giving at least one reason for your choice, discuss whose opinion is the more credible. a. a Democratic U.S. senator b. a Republican U.S. senator

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Question 20

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Physical characteristics provide crucial details about a person's credibility.

Giving at least one reason for your choice, which of two current movies would you be more apt to like? a. one recommended by a movie critic whose opinions you enjoy listening to b. one recommended by a friend

Factual claims that conflict with what we think we know ought to be rejected, but only if we can disprove them through direct observation.

Assess the following as probably , as probably , as requiring further documentation before judgment, or as a claim that cannot properly be evaluated. Consider both the nature of the claim and the source.

If you have reason to believe that an expert is biased, you should reject that expert's claim as .

Assess the following as probably , as probably , as requiring further documentation before judgment, or as a claim that cannot properly be evaluated. Consider both the nature of the claim and the source. Industrial lobbyists: "Climate change is a myth."

How many homicides involve the use of a stolen firearm? Giving at least one reason for your choice, discuss whose opinion is the more credible. a. a Democratic U.S. senator b. a Republican U.S. senator

Accounting As a Tool for Management

Cost Behavior and Cost Estimation

Cost Volume Profit Analysis and Pricing Decisions

Planning and Forecasting

Performance Evaluation: Variance Analysis

Activity-Based Costing and Activity-Based Management

Using Accounting Information to Make Managerial Decisions

Capital Budgeting

Decentralization and Performance Evaluation

Performance Evaluation Revisited: a Balanced Approach

Financial Statement Analysis

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