Question 1

The oxidation of ammonia (NH₄+) to nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO₂-) is called ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  denitriﬁcation 
B)  photosynthesis 
C)  ammoniﬁcation 
D)  nitriﬁcation 
E)  nitrogen ﬁxation 
A)  denitriﬁcation 
B)  photosynthesis 
C)  ammoniﬁcation 
D)  nitriﬁcation 
E)  nitrogen ﬁxation

Question 2

Phytoplankton is composed of protozoa and small invertebrates.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Considering the human body as an ecosystem, which of the following statements is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Energy for the human microbiome derives exclusively from the food we eat. 
B)  The microbiota in the human gut is comprised of heterotrophs. 
C)  The human ecosystem lacks an autotrophic niche. 
D)  Microbes act as producers, consumers, and decomposers within the human ecosystem. 
A)  Energy for the human microbiome derives exclusively from the food we eat. 
B)  The microbiota in the human gut is comprised of heterotrophs. 
C)  The human ecosystem lacks an autotrophic niche. 
D)  Microbes act as producers, consumers, and decomposers within the human ecosystem.

Question 4

You have been using massive amounts of weed killer and insecticide to kill weeds in your yard, as well as the grubs and aphids that are munching on your roses and your grass. What effect might this have from a microbiological standpoint?

Accepted Answer

A)  Loss of microbial diversity in the soil 
B)  Reduction in microbial numbers in the soil 
C)  Damage to the nitrogen ?xing bacteria 
D)  Damage to the mycorrhizae 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  Loss of microbial diversity in the soil 
B)  Reduction in microbial numbers in the soil 
C)  Damage to the nitrogen ?xing bacteria 
D)  Damage to the mycorrhizae 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 5

The thin envelope of life that surrounds the earth's surface is called the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  atmosphere 
B)  ecosystem 
C)  lithosphere 
D)  hydrosphere 
E)  biosphere 
A)  atmosphere 
B)  ecosystem 
C)  lithosphere 
D)  hydrosphere 
E)  biosphere

Question 6

Which environment represents the largest pool of microbial genes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oceans 
B)  Freshwater lakes 
C)  Rainforest 
D)  Humans and animals 
E)  Soil 
A)  Oceans 
B)  Freshwater lakes 
C)  Rainforest 
D)  Humans and animals 
E)  Soil

Question 7

Which organism is a nitrogen-?xing symbiont of legumes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rhizobium 
B)  Pseudomonas 
C)  Nitrobacter 
D)  Clostridium 
A)  Rhizobium 
B)  Pseudomonas 
C)  Nitrobacter 
D)  Clostridium

Question 8

The thermocline is broken down by temperature changes that allow upwelling to occur.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Select the statement that explains the usefulness of metagenomic analysis in research today.

Accepted Answer

A)  It evaluates microbial diversity in a habitat. 
B)  It allows the identiﬁcation of unculturable microorganisms. 
C)  It detects the abundance of microorganisms in an environment. 
D)  All of these are correct statements. 
A)  It evaluates microbial diversity in a habitat. 
B)  It allows the identiﬁcation of unculturable microorganisms. 
C)  It detects the abundance of microorganisms in an environment. 
D)  All of these are correct statements.

Question 10

Which of the following statements regarding the phosphorus cycle is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Thiobacillus produces sulfuric acid that dissolves phosphate rock. 
B)  Phosphorus mineralization occurs by microbial action. 
C)  Phosphorus must be phosphatized to enter biological systems. 
D)  The phosphorus pool is in sedimentary rock. 
E)  Phosphorus is released naturally by mining. 
A)  Thiobacillus produces sulfuric acid that dissolves phosphate rock. 
B)  Phosphorus mineralization occurs by microbial action. 
C)  Phosphorus must be phosphatized to enter biological systems. 
D)  The phosphorus pool is in sedimentary rock. 
E)  Phosphorus is released naturally by mining.

Question 11

The three components that interact for one health are _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  the environment, humans, and animals 
B)  prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and viruses 
C)  bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes 
D)  producers, consumers, and decomposers 
A)  the environment, humans, and animals 
B)  prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and viruses 
C)  bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes 
D)  producers, consumers, and decomposers

Question 12

Heterotrophs include _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  producers only 
B)  consumers only 
C)  consumers and decomposers 
D)  producers and consumers 
E)  producers, consumers, and decomposers 
A)  producers only 
B)  consumers only 
C)  consumers and decomposers 
D)  producers and consumers 
E)  producers, consumers, and decomposers

Question 13

Chemical elements needed in trace amounts for biochemical reactions have a biogeochemical cycle, including boron, chromium, manganese, and cobalt.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Toxic substances accumulate through natural trophic ﬂow of an ecosystem.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The warmest area of a lake during the summer is the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  benthic zone 
B)  thermocline 
C)  hypolimnion 
D)  epilimnion 
E)  limnion 
A)  benthic zone 
B)  thermocline 
C)  hypolimnion 
D)  epilimnion 
E)  limnion

Question 16

Scientists have learned the full extent of viral abundance on earth because _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  viruses are known to grow on all life forms: animal, plant, fungi, and bacteria 
B)  metagenomic sequencing has identiﬁed viruses in a broad variety of environments 
C)  the ﬁnal step of the viral life cycle, release of mature viruses and cell lysis, releases millions of viruses 
D)  a wide variety of microbes is available to act as hosts for these viruses 
A)  viruses are known to grow on all life forms: animal, plant, fungi, and bacteria 
B)  metagenomic sequencing has identiﬁed viruses in a broad variety of environments 
C)  the ﬁnal step of the viral life cycle, release of mature viruses and cell lysis, releases millions of viruses 
D)  a wide variety of microbes is available to act as hosts for these viruses

Exam 24: Microbes and the Environment

The oxidation of ammonia (NH₄+) to nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO₂-) is called ______.

Phytoplankton is composed of protozoa and small invertebrates.

Considering the human body as an ecosystem, which of the following statements is incorrect?

You have been using massive amounts of weed killer and insecticide to kill weeds in your yard, as well as the grubs and aphids that are munching on your roses and your grass. What effect might this have from a microbiological standpoint?

The thin envelope of life that surrounds the earth's surface is called the ______.

Which environment represents the largest pool of microbial genes?

Which organism is a nitrogen-?xing symbiont of legumes?

The thermocline is broken down by temperature changes that allow upwelling to occur.

Select the statement that explains the usefulness of metagenomic analysis in research today.

Which of the following statements regarding the phosphorus cycle is incorrect?

The three components that interact for one health are _______.

Heterotrophs include _______.

Chemical elements needed in trace amounts for biochemical reactions have a biogeochemical cycle, including boron, chromium, manganese, and cobalt.

Toxic substances accumulate through natural trophic ﬂow of an ecosystem.

The warmest area of a lake during the summer is the ______.

Scientists have learned the full extent of viral abundance on earth because _______.

The Main Themes of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Biology

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing of Microscopic Analysis of Microorganisms

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

Viruses and Prions

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Metabolism: the Chemical Crossroads of Life

Microbial Genetics

Genetic Analysis and Genetic Engineering

Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes

Antimicrobial Treatment

Microbe-Human Interactions: Health and Disease

Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

Host Defenses Ii: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Disorders in Immunity

Diagnosing Infections

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Skin and Eyes

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

Applied Microbiology and Food and Water Safety

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