Question 1

Spirochetes are able to move due to ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  glycocalyx for gliding motility 
B)  a membrane-bound ﬂagellum 
C)  pseudopods 
D)  a periplasmic ﬂagellum 
E)  cilia serving as walking feet 
A)  glycocalyx for gliding motility 
B)  a membrane-bound ﬂagellum 
C)  pseudopods 
D)  a periplasmic ﬂagellum 
E)  cilia serving as walking feet D

Question 2

E. coli has been isolated and cultured from three different individuals. Upon biochemical testing of these three cultures, you ﬁnd that there are differences in some reactions. What is the best explanation of these differences?

Accepted Answer

A)  The other two cultures are not really E. coli. 
B)  Two of the cultures are mutants of the other. 
C)  Mistakes have been made in the test interpretation. 
D)  This is normal genetic variation seen among strains of E. coli. 
E)  These represent three different species of E. coli. 
A)  The other two cultures are not really E. coli. 
B)  Two of the cultures are mutants of the other. 
C)  Mistakes have been made in the test interpretation. 
D)  This is normal genetic variation seen among strains of E. coli. 
E)  These represent three different species of E. coli. D

Question 3

If bacteria living in salty seawater were displaced to a freshwater environment, the cell structure that would prevent the cells from rupturing is the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  capsule 
B)  cell membrane 
C)  cell wall 
D)  slime layer 
E)  endospore 
A)  capsule 
B)  cell membrane 
C)  cell wall 
D)  slime layer 
E)  endospore C

Question 4

Halobacterium salinarum lives in and requires a high salt concentration. This is an example of an archaeon described as a ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  barophile 
B)  psychrophile 
C)  halophile 
D)  thermophile 
A)  barophile 
B)  psychrophile 
C)  halophile 
D)  thermophile

Question 5

Two functions of bacterial appendages are ______ and ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  attachment; energy production 
B)  antibiotic resistance; motility 
C)  attachment; motility 
D)  motility; energy production 
A)  attachment; energy production 
B)  antibiotic resistance; motility 
C)  attachment; motility 
D)  motility; energy production

Question 6

The division of microbes termed the Firmicutes have a cell wall type best described as ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  gram-positive 
B)  lacking a cell wall 
C)  archaeal 
D)  gram-negative 
A)  gram-positive 
B)  lacking a cell wall 
C)  archaeal 
D)  gram-negative

Question 7

A clinical laboratory that identiﬁes the bacterial agents that cause human disease would refer to Bergey's Manual of ______ Bacteriology for guidance in identiﬁcation.

Accepted Answer

A)  Evolutionary 
B)  Classical 
C)  Systematic 
D)  Determinative 
A)  Evolutionary 
B)  Classical 
C)  Systematic 
D)  Determinative

Question 8

Magnetosomes are _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  composed of magnetic iron oxide particles 
B)  infoldings of the cell membrane 
C)  found in all bacteria and some archaea 
D)  responsible for the heat resistance of endospores 
E)  also termed metachromatic granules 
A)  composed of magnetic iron oxide particles 
B)  infoldings of the cell membrane 
C)  found in all bacteria and some archaea 
D)  responsible for the heat resistance of endospores 
E)  also termed metachromatic granules

Question 9

A bacterial cell exhibiting chemotaxis must have ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  ﬁmbriae 
B)  metachromatic granules 
C)  thylakoids 
D)  ﬂagella 
E)  a capsule 
A)  ﬁmbriae 
B)  metachromatic granules 
C)  thylakoids 
D)  ﬂagella 
E)  a capsule

Question 10

The cell membrane, the cell wall, and the outer membrane comprise the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  S-layer 
B)  glycocalyx 
C)  slime layer 
D)  peptidoglycan 
E)  cell envelope 
A)  S-layer 
B)  glycocalyx 
C)  slime layer 
D)  peptidoglycan 
E)  cell envelope

Question 11

Bacterial endospores are produced by ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  Mycoplasma 
B)  Entamoeba 
C)  Bacillus 
D)  Staphylococcus 
A)  Mycoplasma 
B)  Entamoeba 
C)  Bacillus 
D)  Staphylococcus

Question 12

The outcome of the Gram stain is based on differences in the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  ribosomes 
B)  cell membrane 
C)  ﬂagella 
D)  cell wall 
A)  ribosomes 
B)  cell membrane 
C)  ﬂagella 
D)  cell wall

Question 13

Which of the following is not a characteristic of bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA is free in the cytoplasm. 
B)  The cell wall is made of peptidoglycan or other distinct polysaccharides. 
C)  Ribosomes are present as the site of protein synthesis. 
D)  Organelles termed mitochondria are the site of ATP production. 
A)  DNA is free in the cytoplasm. 
B)  The cell wall is made of peptidoglycan or other distinct polysaccharides. 
C)  Ribosomes are present as the site of protein synthesis. 
D)  Organelles termed mitochondria are the site of ATP production.

Question 14

Plasmids _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  are located in microcompartments 
B)  are essential for survival 
C)  often carry genes controlling pathogenicity 
D)  cannot be passed between organisms 
E)  are found in all bacteria 
A)  are located in microcompartments 
B)  are essential for survival 
C)  often carry genes controlling pathogenicity 
D)  cannot be passed between organisms 
E)  are found in all bacteria

Question 15

Mycobacterium and Nocardia are distinguished from other bacteria by the ______ stain.

Accepted Answer

A)  Gram 
B)  basic 
C)  methylene blue 
D)  acid-fast 
E)  endospore 
A)  Gram 
B)  basic 
C)  methylene blue 
D)  acid-fast 
E)  endospore

Question 16

Which is the correct order for the application of reagents in the Gram stain?

Accepted Answer

A)  Safranin, crystal violet, alcohol/acetone, iodine 
B)  Crystal violet, safranin, iodine, alcohol/acetone 
C)  Crystal violet, alcohol/acetone, iodine, safranin 
D)  Crystal violet, iodine, alcohol/acetone, safranin 
E)  Iodine, safranin, crystal violet, alcohol/acetone 
A)  Safranin, crystal violet, alcohol/acetone, iodine 
B)  Crystal violet, safranin, iodine, alcohol/acetone 
C)  Crystal violet, alcohol/acetone, iodine, safranin 
D)  Crystal violet, iodine, alcohol/acetone, safranin 
E)  Iodine, safranin, crystal violet, alcohol/acetone

Question 17

The cell envelope or its parts can interact with human tissue and cause disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Some bacteria have a cytoskeleton of sterols to help maintain their shape.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

An irregular cluster of spherical bacterial cells is termed ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  staphylobacillus 
B)  staphylospirillum 
C)  streptobacillus 
D)  streptococcus 
E)  staphylococcus 
A)  staphylobacillus 
B)  staphylospirillum 
C)  streptobacillus 
D)  streptococcus 
E)  staphylococcus

Question 20

The term that refers to the presence of a tuft of ﬂagella emerging from a single site is ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  atrichous 
B)  monotrichous 
C)  peritrichous 
D)  amphitrichous 
E)  lophotrichous 
A)  atrichous 
B)  monotrichous 
C)  peritrichous 
D)  amphitrichous 
E)  lophotrichous

Exam 4: Bacteria and Archaea

Spirochetes are able to move due to ______.

E. coli has been isolated and cultured from three different individuals. Upon biochemical testing of these three cultures, you ﬁnd that there are differences in some reactions. What is the best explanation of these differences?

If bacteria living in salty seawater were displaced to a freshwater environment, the cell structure that would prevent the cells from rupturing is the ______.

Halobacterium salinarum lives in and requires a high salt concentration. This is an example of an archaeon described as a ______.

Two functions of bacterial appendages are ______ and ______.

The division of microbes termed the Firmicutes have a cell wall type best described as ______.

A clinical laboratory that identiﬁes the bacterial agents that cause human disease would refer to Bergey's Manual of ______ Bacteriology for guidance in identiﬁcation.

Magnetosomes are _______.

A bacterial cell exhibiting chemotaxis must have ______.

The cell membrane, the cell wall, and the outer membrane comprise the ______.

Bacterial endospores are produced by ______.

The outcome of the Gram stain is based on differences in the ______.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of bacteria?

Plasmids _______.

Mycobacterium and Nocardia are distinguished from other bacteria by the ______ stain.

Which is the correct order for the application of reagents in the Gram stain?

The cell envelope or its parts can interact with human tissue and cause disease.

Some bacteria have a cytoskeleton of sterols to help maintain their shape.

An irregular cluster of spherical bacterial cells is termed ______.

The term that refers to the presence of a tuft of ﬂagella emerging from a single site is ______.

The Main Themes of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Biology

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing of Microscopic Analysis of Microorganisms

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

Viruses and Prions

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Metabolism: the Chemical Crossroads of Life

Microbial Genetics

Genetic Analysis and Genetic Engineering

Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes

Antimicrobial Treatment

Microbe-Human Interactions: Health and Disease

Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

Host Defenses Ii: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Disorders in Immunity

Diagnosing Infections

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Skin and Eyes

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

Microbes and the Environment

Applied Microbiology and Food and Water Safety

Filters

Two functions of bacterial appendages are and .