Question 1

Electrolysis is used as the last step in isolating pure

Accepted Answer

A) iron. 
B) boron. 
C) aluminum. 
D) selenium. 
E) carbon. 
A) iron. 
B) boron. 
C) aluminum. 
D) selenium. 
E) carbon.

Question 2

The process in which a gaseous substance is converted into a condensed, more usable chemical substance is called

Accepted Answer

A) differentiation. 
B) liquefaction. 
C) fixation. 
D) deposition. 
E) remediation. 
A) differentiation. 
B) liquefaction. 
C) fixation. 
D) deposition. 
E) remediation.

Question 3

The Downs cell is used in the production of

Accepted Answer

A) copper. 
B) hydrogen. 
C) iron. 
D) magnesium. 
E) sodium. 
A) copper. 
B) hydrogen. 
C) iron. 
D) magnesium. 
E) sodium.

Question 4

What elements are alloyed to make stainless steel?

Accepted Answer

A) Fe and C 
B) Fe and Mn 
C) Fe and Ni 
D) Cr and C 
E) Fe, Cr, and Ni 
A) Fe and C 
B) Fe and Mn 
C) Fe and Ni 
D) Cr and C 
E) Fe, Cr, and Ni

Question 5

Hydrogen displays the largest kinetic isotope effect of all the elements.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The most common source for commercial production of sodium is called

Accepted Answer

A) sodalite. 
B) limestone. 
C) halite. 
D) galena. 
E) pyrite. 
A) sodalite. 
B) limestone. 
C) halite. 
D) galena. 
E) pyrite.

Question 7

The chlor-alkali process produces chlorine, Cl2(g), in large quantities. What other industrially important substances are produced in this process?

Accepted Answer

A) Na( s), H 2( g) 
B) H 2( g), O 2( g) 
C) Hg( l), NaCl( s) 
D) Na( s), O 2( g) 
E) NaOH( aq), H 2( g) 
A) Na( s), H 2( g) 
B) H 2( g), O 2( g) 
C) Hg( l), NaCl( s) 
D) Na( s), O 2( g) 
E) NaOH( aq), H 2( g)

Question 8

Sulfur trioxide is the anhydride of sulfuric acid. However, SO3 is not added directly to water during the synthesis of sulfuric acid because

Accepted Answer

A) hydration of SO 3 is very exothermic and difficult to control. 
B) hydration of SO 3 is very endothermic and proceeds too slowly to be profitable. 
C) at high temperatures water vapor catalyzes polymerization of SO 3. 
D) vapor phase sulfuric acid is corrosive and limits the useful life of the reactor. 
E) the water would decompose under such conditions. 
A) hydration of SO 3 is very exothermic and difficult to control. 
B) hydration of SO 3 is very endothermic and proceeds too slowly to be profitable. 
C) at high temperatures water vapor catalyzes polymerization of SO 3. 
D) vapor phase sulfuric acid is corrosive and limits the useful life of the reactor. 
E) the water would decompose under such conditions.

Question 9

The process that selectively extracts a metal from its ore, by dissolving it, is called

Accepted Answer

A) roasting. 
B) leaching. 
C) smelting. 
D) flotation. 
E) hydration. 
A) roasting. 
B) leaching. 
C) smelting. 
D) flotation. 
E) hydration.

Question 10

The main effect of the biosphere on the chemistry of the Earth's crust has been to

Accepted Answer

A) create a reducing atmosphere. 
B) create an oxidizing atmosphere. 
C) increase the relative humidity. 
D) decrease the relative humidity. 
E) increase the level of atmospheric carbon dioxide. 
A) create a reducing atmosphere. 
B) create an oxidizing atmosphere. 
C) increase the relative humidity. 
D) decrease the relative humidity. 
E) increase the level of atmospheric carbon dioxide.

Question 11

The industrial production of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen accounts for a greater amount of nitrogen fixation than either the atmospheric or the biological pathways.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The most abundant element in the Earth's crust is

Accepted Answer

A) H 
B) Fe 
C) Al 
D) Si 
E) O 
A) H 
B) Fe 
C) Al 
D) Si 
E) O

Question 13

Pyrometallurgy uses __________ to separate a metal from its ore.

Accepted Answer

A) solid phase chemical properties 
B) electrical processes 
C) thermal processes 
D) aqueous chemical processes 
E) explosives 
A) solid phase chemical properties 
B) electrical processes 
C) thermal processes 
D) aqueous chemical processes 
E) explosives

Question 14

The Hall-Heroult process refers to

Accepted Answer

A) the production of aluminum by electrolysis. 
B) the recovery of sulfur from underground deposits. 
C) the manufacture of sulfuric acid. 
D) the production of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen gases. 
E) the isolation of Al 2O 3 from bauxite. 
A) the production of aluminum by electrolysis. 
B) the recovery of sulfur from underground deposits. 
C) the manufacture of sulfuric acid. 
D) the production of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen gases. 
E) the isolation of Al 2O 3 from bauxite.

Question 15

The most common source for commercial production of aluminum is called

Accepted Answer

A) aluminite. 
B) hematite. 
C) galena. 
D) cinnabar. 
E) bauxite. 
A) aluminite. 
B) hematite. 
C) galena. 
D) cinnabar. 
E) bauxite.

Question 16

Cryolite, Na3AlF6, is used in the electrolysis of aluminum oxide because

Accepted Answer

A) it is a good source of fluoride ions. 
B) it reduces the energy requirement of the process, due to its low melting point. 
C) it provides a source of fluorine, an oxidizing agent. 
D) it provides a source of sodium, a reducing agent. 
E) it is very soluble in water. 
A) it is a good source of fluoride ions. 
B) it reduces the energy requirement of the process, due to its low melting point. 
C) it provides a source of fluorine, an oxidizing agent. 
D) it provides a source of sodium, a reducing agent. 
E) it is very soluble in water.

Question 17

What are the main mineral sources of phosphorus?

Accepted Answer

A) Phosphides 
B) Phosphites 
C) Phosphors 
D) Phosphates 
E) Elemental phosphorus 
A) Phosphides 
B) Phosphites 
C) Phosphors 
D) Phosphates 
E) Elemental phosphorus

Question 18

Sulfide ores are frequently treated by flotation in order to concentrate them.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Carbon atoms in the carbon cycle spend most of their time in the oceans.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Plants extract phosphate from the soil

Accepted Answer

A) by converting it to the dihydrogen phosphate ion by addition of acid to the soil near roots. 
B) by converting it to phosphoric acid. 
C) by osmosis. 
D) by leaching. 
E) by fixation. 
A) by converting it to the dihydrogen phosphate ion by addition of acid to the soil near roots. 
B) by converting it to phosphoric acid. 
C) by osmosis. 
D) by leaching. 
E) by fixation.

Exam 22: The Elements in Nature and Industry

Electrolysis is used as the last step in isolating pure

The process in which a gaseous substance is converted into a condensed, more usable chemical substance is called

The Downs cell is used in the production of

What elements are alloyed to make stainless steel?

Hydrogen displays the largest kinetic isotope effect of all the elements.

The most common source for commercial production of sodium is called

The chlor-alkali process produces chlorine, Cl2(g), in large quantities. What other industrially important substances are produced in this process?

Sulfur trioxide is the anhydride of sulfuric acid. However, SO3 is not added directly to water during the synthesis of sulfuric acid because

The process that selectively extracts a metal from its ore, by dissolving it, is called

The main effect of the biosphere on the chemistry of the Earth's crust has been to

The industrial production of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen accounts for a greater amount of nitrogen fixation than either the atmospheric or the biological pathways.

The most abundant element in the Earth's crust is

Pyrometallurgy uses __________ to separate a metal from its ore.

The Hall-Heroult process refers to

The most common source for commercial production of aluminum is called

Cryolite, Na3AlF6, is used in the electrolysis of aluminum oxide because

What are the main mineral sources of phosphorus?

Sulfide ores are frequently treated by flotation in order to concentrate them.

Carbon atoms in the carbon cycle spend most of their time in the oceans.

Plants extract phosphate from the soil

Keys to the Study of Chemistry: Definitions, Units, and Problem Solving

The Components of Matter

Stoichiometry of Formulas and Equations

Three Major Classes of Chemical Reactions

Gases and the Kinetic-Molecular Theory

Thermochemistry: Energy Flow and Chemical Change

Quantum Theory and Atomic Structure

Electron Configuration and Chemical Periodicity

Models of Chemical Bonding

The Shapes of Molecules

Theories of Covalent Bonding

Intermolecular Forces: Liquids, Solids, and Phase Changes

The Properties of Mixtures: Solutions and Colloids

Periodic Patterns in the Main-Group Elements

Organic Compounds and the Atomic Properties of Carbon

Kinetics: Rates and Mechanisms of Chemical Reactions

Equilibrium: the Extent of Chemical Reactions

Acid-Base Equilibria

Ionic Equilibria in Aqueous Systems

Thermodynamics: Entropy, Free Energy, and Reaction Direction

Electrochemistry: Chemical Change and Electrical Work

Transition Elements and Their Coordination Compounds

Nuclear Reactions and Their Applications

Filters

The chlor-alkali process produces chlorine, Cl₂(g), in large quantities. What other industrially important substances are produced in this process?

Sulfur trioxide is the anhydride of sulfuric acid. However, SO₃is not added directly to water during the synthesis of sulfuric acid because

Cryolite, Na₃AlF₆, is used in the electrolysis of aluminum oxide because