Question 1

What is the stable form of the element sulfur, at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

A) Atomic sulfur 
B) S 2 
C) S 4 
D) S 6 
E) S 8 
A) Atomic sulfur 
B) S 2 
C) S 4 
D) S 6 
E) S 8

Question 2

Which of the following would you predict to have the greatest thermal stability?

Accepted Answer

A) AsAt 3 
B) AsI 3 
C) AsBr 3 
D) AsCl 3 
E) AsF 3 
A) AsAt 3 
B) AsI 3 
C) AsBr 3 
D) AsCl 3 
E) AsF 3

Question 3

The strongest elemental oxidizing agents are found in the __________ __________ region of the periodic table while the strongest reducing agents are found in the __________ __________ region of the periodic table.

Accepted Answer

A) upper left; lower right 
B) upper right; lower left 
C) lower left; upper right 
D) lower right; upper left 
E) transition element; main group 
A) upper left; lower right 
B) upper right; lower left 
C) lower left; upper right 
D) lower right; upper left 
E) transition element; main group

Question 4

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the properties of nitrogen and oxygen?

Accepted Answer

A) Both oxygen and nitrogen form anions easily. 
B) Oxygen is a strong oxidizing agent while nitrogen is a strong reducing agent. 
C) Nitrogen uses more oxidation states in its compounds than oxygen does. 
D) Nitrogen is more reactive than oxygen. 
E) Nitrogen does not form naturally-occurring compounds, but oxygen does. 
A) Both oxygen and nitrogen form anions easily. 
B) Oxygen is a strong oxidizing agent while nitrogen is a strong reducing agent. 
C) Nitrogen uses more oxidation states in its compounds than oxygen does. 
D) Nitrogen is more reactive than oxygen. 
E) Nitrogen does not form naturally-occurring compounds, but oxygen does.

Question 5

In gaseous BeCl2, Be does not obey the octet rule; in solid BeCl2 it does.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which of the following elements exists in allotropic forms?

Accepted Answer

A) Silicon 
B) Germanium 
C) Tin 
D) Lead 
E) Xenon 
A) Silicon 
B) Germanium 
C) Tin 
D) Lead 
E) Xenon

Question 7

Oxygen gas (O2) is paramagnetic, but ozone (O3) is diamagnetic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which of the following atoms has the smallest volume?

Accepted Answer

A) Ba 
B) Cs 
C) Sr 
D) Rb 
E) I 
A) Ba 
B) Cs 
C) Sr 
D) Rb 
E) I

Question 9

Predict the molecular shape of XeF3−.

Accepted Answer

A) Linear 
B) Trigonal planar 
C) Trigonal pyramid 
D) T-shaped 
E) Square 
A) Linear 
B) Trigonal planar 
C) Trigonal pyramid 
D) T-shaped 
E) Square

Question 10

Xenon forms several compounds with oxygen and fluorine. It is the most reactive nonradioactive noble gas because

Accepted Answer

A) its large radius allows oxygen and fluorine to bond without being crowded. 
B) it has the highest electronegativity of these noble gases. 
C) it has the highest electron affinity of these noble gases. 
D) its effective nuclear charge is lower than the other noble gases. 
E) it has the lowest ionization energy of these noble gases. 
A) its large radius allows oxygen and fluorine to bond without being crowded. 
B) it has the highest electronegativity of these noble gases. 
C) it has the highest electron affinity of these noble gases. 
D) its effective nuclear charge is lower than the other noble gases. 
E) it has the lowest ionization energy of these noble gases.

Question 11

Predict the products for the following set of reactants. PCl3(l) + H2O(l) →

Accepted Answer

A) H 3PO 3( aq)+ HCl( aq) 
B) H 3PO 4( aq)+ Cl 2( g) 
C) PH 3( g)+ HCl( aq)+ O 2( g) 
D) P 2O 5( s)+ HCl( aq) 
E) PCl 5( l)+ PH 3( g)+ O 2( g) 
A) H 3PO 3( aq)+ HCl( aq) 
B) H 3PO 4( aq)+ Cl 2( g) 
C) PH 3( g)+ HCl( aq)+ O 2( g) 
D) P 2O 5( s)+ HCl( aq) 
E) PCl 5( l)+ PH 3( g)+ O 2( g)

Question 12

The Haber process is the first step in the manufacture of sulfuric acid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The nitrate anion is

Accepted Answer

A) a strong acid. 
B) a strong base. 
C) amphoteric. 
D) a strong reducing agent. 
E) a strong oxidizing agent. 
A) a strong acid. 
B) a strong base. 
C) amphoteric. 
D) a strong reducing agent. 
E) a strong oxidizing agent.

Question 14

Predict the products for the reaction of the following set of reactants. Mg(s) + Cl2(g) →

Accepted Answer

A) MgCl( s) 
B) MgCl 2( s) 
C) MgCl( l) 
D) MgCl 2( l) 
E) MgCl 2( aq) 
A) MgCl( s) 
B) MgCl 2( s) 
C) MgCl( l) 
D) MgCl 2( l) 
E) MgCl 2( aq)

Question 15

Select the element with the highest first ionization energy.

Accepted Answer

A) Mg 
B) Ca 
C) Ba 
D) Ra 
E) K 
A) Mg 
B) Ca 
C) Ba 
D) Ra 
E) K

Question 16

Bromine will form compounds with each of the other elements in Period 4 of the periodic table. How does the type of bonding in the compounds change as one moves from potassium bromide to selenium bromide?

Accepted Answer

A) Ionic to polar covalent 
B) Polar covalent to ionic 
C) Polar covalent to non-polar covalent 
D) Coordinate covalent to polar covalent 
E) None of these choices are correct. 
A) Ionic to polar covalent 
B) Polar covalent to ionic 
C) Polar covalent to non-polar covalent 
D) Coordinate covalent to polar covalent 
E) None of these choices are correct.

Question 17

Hydrogen fluoride is used

Accepted Answer

A) in the manufacture of steel. 
B) in the synthesis of cryolite for aluminum production. 
C) as an oxidizing agent. 
D) as a disinfectant. 
E) as a mouthwash. 
A) in the manufacture of steel. 
B) in the synthesis of cryolite for aluminum production. 
C) as an oxidizing agent. 
D) as a disinfectant. 
E) as a mouthwash.

Question 18

Which of the following bonds should have the greatest ionic character?

Accepted Answer

A) O-F 
B) N-F 
C) C-F 
D) B-F 
E) Cl-F 
A) O-F 
B) N-F 
C) C-F 
D) B-F 
E) Cl-F

Question 19

Although the periodic table is organized according to the atomic numbers of the elements, chemists are more interested in the arrangement of the electrons for their studies. Which of the following statements about the electron configurations and their quantum numbers is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) The size of an atom is associated with the angular momentum quantum number. 
B) The valence electrons of atoms in a particular group have the same principal and angular momentum quantum numbers. 
C) The valence electrons of atoms in a particular group have the same angular momentum quantum number but have different principal quantum numbers. 
D) Quantum numbers for the electrons tell us little about the relative energies of the electrons. 
E) None of these choices are correct. 
A) The size of an atom is associated with the angular momentum quantum number. 
B) The valence electrons of atoms in a particular group have the same principal and angular momentum quantum numbers. 
C) The valence electrons of atoms in a particular group have the same angular momentum quantum number but have different principal quantum numbers. 
D) Quantum numbers for the electrons tell us little about the relative energies of the electrons. 
E) None of these choices are correct.

Question 20

Which of the following hydroxides will be the most basic?

Accepted Answer

A) B(OH)3 
B) Al(OH)3 
C) Ga(OH)3 
D) In(OH)3 
E) TlOH 
A) B(OH)3 
B) Al(OH)3 
C) Ga(OH)3 
D) In(OH)3 
E) TlOH

Exam 14: Periodic Patterns in the Main-Group Elements

What is the stable form of the element sulfur, at room temperature?

Which of the following would you predict to have the greatest thermal stability?

The strongest elemental oxidizing agents are found in the __________ __________ region of the periodic table while the strongest reducing agents are found in the __________ __________ region of the periodic table.

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the properties of nitrogen and oxygen?

In gaseous BeCl2, Be does not obey the octet rule; in solid BeCl2 it does.

Which of the following elements exists in allotropic forms?

Oxygen gas (O2) is paramagnetic, but ozone (O3) is diamagnetic.

Which of the following atoms has the smallest volume?

Predict the molecular shape of XeF3−.

Xenon forms several compounds with oxygen and fluorine. It is the most reactive nonradioactive noble gas because

Predict the products for the following set of reactants. PCl3(l) + H2O(l) →

The Haber process is the first step in the manufacture of sulfuric acid.

The nitrate anion is

Predict the products for the reaction of the following set of reactants. Mg(s) + Cl2(g) →

Select the element with the highest first ionization energy.

Bromine will form compounds with each of the other elements in Period 4 of the periodic table. How does the type of bonding in the compounds change as one moves from potassium bromide to selenium bromide?

Hydrogen fluoride is used

Which of the following bonds should have the greatest ionic character?

Although the periodic table is organized according to the atomic numbers of the elements, chemists are more interested in the arrangement of the electrons for their studies. Which of the following statements about the electron configurations and their quantum numbers is correct?

Which of the following hydroxides will be the most basic?

Keys to the Study of Chemistry: Definitions, Units, and Problem Solving

The Components of Matter

Stoichiometry of Formulas and Equations

Three Major Classes of Chemical Reactions

Gases and the Kinetic-Molecular Theory

Thermochemistry: Energy Flow and Chemical Change

Quantum Theory and Atomic Structure

Electron Configuration and Chemical Periodicity

Models of Chemical Bonding

The Shapes of Molecules

Theories of Covalent Bonding

Intermolecular Forces: Liquids, Solids, and Phase Changes

The Properties of Mixtures: Solutions and Colloids

Organic Compounds and the Atomic Properties of Carbon

Kinetics: Rates and Mechanisms of Chemical Reactions

Equilibrium: the Extent of Chemical Reactions

Acid-Base Equilibria

Ionic Equilibria in Aqueous Systems

Thermodynamics: Entropy, Free Energy, and Reaction Direction

Electrochemistry: Chemical Change and Electrical Work

The Elements in Nature and Industry

Transition Elements and Their Coordination Compounds

Nuclear Reactions and Their Applications

Filters

The strongest elemental oxidizing agents are found in the region of the periodic table while the strongest reducing agents are found in the region of the periodic table.

In gaseous BeCl₂, Be does not obey the octet rule; in solid BeCl₂ it does.

Oxygen gas (O₂) is paramagnetic, but ozone (O₃) is diamagnetic.

Predict the molecular shape of XeF₃⁻.

Predict the products for the following set of reactants. PCl₃(l) + H₂O(l) →

Predict the products for the reaction of the following set of reactants. Mg(s) + Cl₂(g) →