Exam 1: An Introduction to Tax

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George recently paid $50 to renew his driver's license. The $50 payment is considered a tax.

(True/False)
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One benefit of a sin tax (e.g., a tax on cigarettes)is that it should increase the demand for the products being taxed.

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The state of Georgia recently increased its tax on a carton of cigarettes by $2.00. What type of tax is this?

(Multiple Choice)
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Ariel invests $50,000 in a city of Las Vegas bond that pays 5 percent interest. Alternatively, Ariel could have invested the $50,000 in a bond recently issued by Jittery Joe's, Incorporated that pays 8 percent interest with similar non-tax characteristics as the city of Las Vegas bond (e.g., similar risk). Assume that Ariel's marginal tax rate is 24 percent. What is her after-tax rate of return for the city of Las Vegas bond? For the Jittery Joe's, Incorporated bond? How much explicit tax does Ariel pay on the city of Las Vegas bond? How much implicit tax does she pay on the city of Las Vegas bond? How much explicit tax would she have paid on the Jittery Joe's, Incorporated bond? Which bond should she choose?

(Essay)
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A use tax is typically imposed by a state on goods purchased within the state.

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Given the following tax structure, what amount of tax would need to be assessed on Carrie to make the tax horizontally equitable? What is the minimum tax that Simon should pay to make the tax structure vertically equitable based on Fantasia's tax rate? This would result in what type of tax rate structure? Given the following tax structure, what amount of tax would need to be assessed on Carrie to make the tax horizontally equitable? What is the minimum tax that Simon should pay to make the tax structure vertically equitable based on Fantasia's tax rate? This would result in what type of tax rate structure?

(Essay)
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Leonardo, who is married but files separately, earns $82,200 of taxable income. He also has $17,200 in city of Tulsa bonds. His wife, Theresa, earns $52,200 of taxable income.If Leonardo earned an additional $32,200 of taxable income this year, what would be the marginal tax rate on the extra income for 2020? (Use tax rate schedule.)(Round your final answer to two decimal places.)

(Multiple Choice)
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Leonardo, who is married but files separately, earns $80,000 of taxable income. He also has $15,000 in city of Tulsa bonds. His wife, Theresa, earns $50,000 of taxable income. If Leonardo instead had $30,000 of additional tax deductions for 2020, his marginal tax rate on the deductions would be: (Use tax rate schedule.)(Round your final answer to two decimal places.)

(Multiple Choice)
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Curtis invests $500,000 in a city of Athens bond that pays 7.25 percent interest. Alternatively, Curtis could have invested the $500,000 in a bond recently issued by Initech, Incorporated that pays 7.75 percent interest with similar risk as the city of Athens bond. Assume that Curtis's marginal tax rate is 24 percent. How much explicit tax would Curtis incur on interest earned on the Initech, Incorporated bond?

(Multiple Choice)
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The tax base for the federal income tax is taxable income.

(True/False)
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Jackson has the choice to invest in city of Mitchell bonds or Sundial, Incorporated corporate bonds that pay 10 percent interest. Jackson is a single taxpayer who earns $55,000 annually. Assume that the city of Mitchell bonds and the Sundial, Incorporated bonds have similar risk. Assume the original facts as given except that Jackson is a head of household taxpayer and the city of Mitchell pays interest of 8 percent. How would you advise Jackson to invest his money?

(Multiple Choice)
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Bart is contemplating starting his own business. His new business would operate as a sole proprietorship and would require hiring several employees. Describe the employment-related taxes that Bart should be aware of as he starts his new business as a self-employed business owner.

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The estate tax is assessed based on the fair market values of transfers made during a taxpayer's life.

(True/False)
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Consider the following tax rate structures. Is it horizontally equitable? Why or why not? Is it vertically equitable? Why or why not? Consider the following tax rate structures. Is it horizontally equitable? Why or why not? Is it vertically equitable? Why or why not?

(Essay)
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Manny, a single taxpayer, earns $69,600 per year in taxable income and an additional $12,460 per year in city of Boston bonds. What is Manny's current marginal tax rate for 2020? (Use tax rate schedule.)

(Multiple Choice)
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Which of the following federal government actions would make sense if a tax system fails to provide sufficient tax revenue?

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Taxes influence business decisions such as where a business should locate or how a business should be structured.

(True/False)
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Which of the following is true?

(Multiple Choice)
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Marc, a single taxpayer, earns $60,400 in taxable income and $5,040 in interest from an investment in city of Birmingham Bonds. Using the U.S. tax rate schedule for year 2020, what is his effective tax rate? (Round your final answer to two decimal places.)(Use Tax rate schedule.)

(Multiple Choice)
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The substitution effect:

(Multiple Choice)
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