Exam 12: Organizing and Outlining Your Speech

When you arrange your ideas from the least to the most important, you are using the principle of _____.

By incorporating a starting fact or rhetorical question into the introduction, a speaker is trying to _____.

A definition is an example of soft evidence.

"Every I should have a II, and every A should have a B," is related to the principle of outlining concerned with _____.

During the conclusion, it is NOT advised to reemphasize the central idea.

Which of the following is an example of hard evidence?

Carl's audience doesn't agree with some of the things he will be presenting, so he decides to start his speech by talking about the things they do agree with him on. This demonstrates the principle of primacy.

Before she continued with the rest of her speech, Mallory said, "We have discussed what a gambling addiction is and why it can occur in college students." This is an example of a(n) _____.

Gisella is planning a speech advocating that all students be required to take two years of a foreign language prior to graduation. She is confident that most people in her class are against her position. Gisella feels that her strongest argument is the value of this skill when seeking employment, and decides to present this as her first main point. What principle is Gisella using?

When you organize a speech by explaining the steps of a process in terms of what occurs first, second, third, and so on, you are using a chronological organizational pattern.

In the opening to her speech about eating disorders, Sheila told the story of her friend who almost died of anorexia. In her conclusion, she reminded her audience of what her friend had been through and explained that her friend was currently doing well in her battle against the disease. What concluding strategy did Sheila use?

For your persuasive speech on assisted suicide, you decide to first provide a hypothetical example of a terminally ill patient who requested assistance with bringing about his own death, then to talk about the current state of the laws covering assisted suicide. Which organizational strategy does this plan reflect?

In her speech on gardening, Elvira noted that she planted similar vegetables together, based on the idea that "foods that grow together go together." By focusing on where she planted each vegetable, Elvira used which organizational strategy?

According to the principle of complexity, you should offer a specific illustration first, followed by a general explanation.

Just before walking off stage, Rebecca said: "You should now understand the three most recommended methods for enhancing your ability to recall people's names: the repetition method, the word-association method, and the visual imagery method. I hope that you will put these methods into practice and that you will remember my name the next time you see me in the hall. Thank you." What device is Rebecca making use of in her speech?

An initial preview and an internal summary are both examples of _____.

Janine organized her three statistics on organ transplants according to their significance. She saved her "clincher" point about how easy it is to indicate your willingness to donate by signing the back of your driver's license for the last point before her conclusion. What organizational principle did Janine demonstrate in this speech?

Maxine develops a speech in which her main ideas include the following: I. Fuel emissions from cars result in pollution. II) Driving alternative fuel vehicles will help decrease the pollution. What type of organizational pattern is Maxine using?

As Kelly reached the third and final point of her speech, she raised her arm slowly with her palm facing outward as if asking the audience to remain quiet and listen carefully before she continued to speak. This example describes Kelly using a(n) _____.

Determining the order of presenting the main points of a speech is called closure.