Exam 6: Socioemotional Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Andrea is an infant who lives in a house with parents who fight all the time and are contemplating divorce. She is exposed to frequent displays of anger. What can we predict about Andrea's emotional regulation?

Which of the following is a characteristic reaction of an infant who scores high in the effortful control dimension of Mary Rothbart's model of temperament?

Which theoretical perspective emphasized that feeding was a critical context for infants and caregivers to interact and for infants to have their needs met and thereby develop a sense of trust?

Jack's mother made some cookies. Jack asks if he can have one. His mother tells him that he needs to wait until after lunch. Jack isn't happy about it, but he complies with his mother and waits to eat his cookie until he is done with lunch. Based on what we know about delay of gratification and age, how old does Jack need to be?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a child with a difficult temperament?

According to Erikson, which of the following is NOT an outcome seen in a toddler who is encouraged to be autonomous?

Kenzie is an infant that sucks her thumb when she is anxious. She also chews on toys when she sees other children fighting. As an older child, she goes to her room when her brothers fight with each other. Why does Kenzie do all of these behaviors?

Which of the following statements about stranger wariness is true?

Stranger wariness is a universal behavior in infants and is thought to be based on evolution.

When 11-month-old Chandler plays, his mother encourages his positive emotions by making happy and surprised faces at him. When Chandler struggles to complete a task and expresses frustration or anger, his mother attempts to deter his negative emotions by assisting him and saying, "Here let's try it this way. There we go! We did it!" Chandler's mother is exhibiting ______.

At about what age does stranger wariness begin to decrease?

A lasting emotional tie between two people who each strive to maintain closeness to the other and act to ensure that the relationship continues is called ______.

It is more important for a baby to form an attachment with his or her mother than with a different caregiver.

Which of the following accurately illustrates the ethological theory of attachment?

When Holt begins walking, his parents, now increasingly aware of table heights, sharp corners, and other hazards, often repeatedly yell out in fear and sometimes anger. What can be predicted about Holt's initial response to his parent's outbursts?

Which of the following is a contextual factor LIKELY to affect a parent's emotional and physical resources, and ultimately, the quality of parent-infant interactions?

Based on our knowledge of emotional development, which of the following emotions is NOT to be expected when infants become more mobile (engage in locomotion)?

Cassie is an infant who has a mother that is very sensitive to her needs and responds to her every time she cries. Cassie grows into a toddler that loves to explore her environment and is very independent. What would Erikson say that Cassie developed in her first year of life to behave like she does as a toddler?

Infants and toddlers with better ______ skills are more likely to self-regulate their emotions effectively.

In which phase of Bowlby's ethological perspective on attachment do babies begin to show a preference for familiar people and make discriminations among adults?