Exam 12: Diversification Strategy

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A critical advantage of diversified over specialized firms is in their allocation of human resources where diversified firms can utilize their superior information on their employees to allocate individuals according to their proven abilities.

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The key drivers of diversification for most of the 20th century were:

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The continuing prominence of large, highly diversified business groups in many emerging market countries (e.g.Tata Group in India) is mainly the result of:

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One reason for the inconsistent findings over the relative performance of related diversification and unrelated diversification is uncertainty and imprecision over what constitutes related diversification

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The expression "conglomerate discount" means:

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The failure of empirical research to find unambiguous evidence that related diversification outperforms unrelated evidence points to:

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Which is a more efficient mechanism for allocating capital among different businesses: the internal capital allocation of diversified firms or the external capital market?

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A major reason for the trend to corporate refocusing after 1980 was a shifting of corporate goals from growth to profitability.

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The history of diversification since the mid-20th century features two periods: during 1950 to 1980, the trend was to diversify; since 1980, most large companies have refocused upon their core businesses.

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If a company can deploy its intellectual property in a different industry, the higher are the transaction costs of licensing that intellectual property, the more likely it is that the firm will choose to diversify into that industry.

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Empirical studies of the outcomes of corporate refocusing initiatives show that divesting diversified businesses increases profitability and generates positive returns for shareholders.

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Diversification has been an important source of value creation for most of the firms that have dared to expand beyond the boundaries of their own industry.

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When a company in industry A acquires a company in industry B, Porter's "better-off" test is satisfied when:

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Which of the following is not an example of an economy of scope from diversification?

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Economies of scope may be viewed as economies of scale that are exploited over multiple products.

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Tata Group, the Virgin Group, and Berkshire Hathaway are holding companies that comprise largely independent businesses with few relationships with one another.Inevitably, these groups lack significant potential to add value to the individual businesses.

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Tyco International's decision to split into three separate companies was motivated by:

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Harold Geneen's statement that: "Telephones, hotels, insurance-it's all the same.If you know the numbers inside out, you know the company inside out" is basically correct: the essentials of a business are revealed by its metrics; industry-specific knowledge is not essential to the effective running of a business.

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The capital asset pricing model predicts that corporate diversification that reduces the unsystematic risk of a company's securities will result in those securities being higher valued by the stock market.

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The continuing dominance of highly-diversified business groups in many emerging countries is a result of the less developed capital and labor markets in these countries.

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