Exam 1: Abnormal Behavior in Historical Context

Statistical data are relevant to researchers.For example, one major epidemiological study found that about 7.8 percent of people in North America have had a mood disorder at some point in their lives and 3.7 percent have experienced a mood disorder over the past year.What do the 7.8 percent and 3.7 percent statistics refer to, respectively?

Why was electroconvulsive therapy originally used as a therapy for schizophrenia?

Which of the following is a characteristic of how defence mechanisms affect coping styles?

What does the term psychotherapist describe?

According to Freud, what are all nonpsychotic psychological disorders called?

According to Freudian theory, anxiety is a signal for the ego to marshal its mechanisms of defence.This is a function of which of the following?

Describe the educational and professional differences between psychologists and psychiatrists.In Canada, who is permitted to hold him- or herself out to the public as a "psychologist" (e.g., in advertising)?

In the middle of the 20th century, what were some of the first effective drugs for psychological disorders?

The ego operates according to one principle, and the id operates according to another principle.What are they, respectively?

Compare and contrast classical psychoanalysis and psychodynamic psychotherapy.Note the criticisms of classical psychoanalysis and explain why it is more of historical than of current interest.

In the psychosocial approach called "moral therapy," what does the term "moral" mean?

Discuss the controversy surrounding the use of medical diagnoses in the case of psychological disorders.Explain the position taken by Thomas Szasz.

What is the formal definition of psychopathology?

When using the psychological disorder criteria, when would an individual be assessed as having psychological dysfunction?

Bloodletting, often through the use of leeches, was a treatment devised centuries ago.What was this treatment used for?

Psychological disorders can be described as following a typical course or individual pattern.Disorders that tend to last a long time follow one type of course, whereas disorders that show a discontinuous, recurrent pattern follow another type of course.What are these courses, respectively?

What did Jean Charcot find when he used a variation of Mesmer's techniques?

Induced vomiting was a 17th-century treatment for depression.As described in Anatomy of Melancholy (1621), this could be accomplished by eating what?

In most Western societies, what happens when a person enters a trance state and believes he or she is possessed?

In ancient Greece, a woman suffering from hysteria might be told that her condition could be cured by which of the following?