Exam 17: Freedoms Boundaries, at Home and Abroad, 1890-1900

The Open Door in China (1899-1900) John Hay Earnestly desirous to remove any cause of irritation and to insure at the same time to the commerce of all nations in China the undoubted benefits which should accrue from a formal recognition by the various powers claiming "spheres of interest" that they shall enjoy perfect equality of treatment for their commerce and navigation within such "spheres," the Government of the United States would be pleased to see His German Majesty's Government give formal assurances, and lend its cooperation in securing like assurances from the other interested powers, that each, within its respective sphere of whatever influence . . . The commercial interests of Great Britain and Japan will be so clearly served by the desired declaration of intentions, and the views of the Governments of these countries as to the desirability of the adoption of measures insuring the benefits of equality of treatment of all foreign trade throughout China are so similar to those entertained by the United States, that their acceptance of the propositions herein outlined and their cooperation in advocating their adoption by the other powers can be confidently expected. -What action by the United States seemed to contradict the economic motives expressed in the Open Door policy?

Why did the South fail to attract significant economic development in the wake of Reconstruction?

Dissent in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) John Marshall Harlan . . . I deny that any legislative body or judicial tribunal may have regard to the race of citizens when the civil rights of those citizens are involved. . . . Every one knows that the statute in question had its origin in the purpose, not so much to exclude white persons from railroad cars occupied by blacks, as to exclude colored people from coaches occupied by or assigned to white persons. . . . The fundamental objection, therefore, to the statute is that it interferes with the personal freedom of citizens. . . . The white race deems itself to be the dominant race in this country. And so it is, in prestige, in achievements, in education, in wealth, and in power. So, I doubt not, it will continue to be for all time, if it remains true to its great heritage and holds fast to the principles of constitutional liberty. But in view of the Constitution, in the eye of the law, there is in this country no superior, dominant, ruling class of citizens. . . . Our Constitution is color-blind and neither knows nor tolerates classes among citizens. In respect of civil rights, all citizens are equal before the law. . . . The law regards man as man and takes no account of his surroundings or of his color when his civil rights as guaranteed by the supreme law of the land are involved -The question in Plessy v. Ferguson was largely based on the rights granted in the

An all-encompassing system of white domination in the South was achieved through:

Address to the Democratic Convention (1896) William Jennings Bryan There are two ideas of government. There are those that believe if you just legislate to make the well-to-do prosperous, that their prosperity will leak through on those below. The Democratic idea has been that if you legislate to make the masses prosperous, their prosperity will find its way up and through every class that rests upon it. . . . You come to us and tell us that the great cities are in favor of the gold standard. I tell you that the great cities rest upon these broad and fertile prairies. Burn down your cities, leave our farms, and your cities will spring up against as if by magic. But destroy our farms and the grass will grow in the streets of every city in the country. -Which of the following most influenced the statements made by Bryan in the excerpt?

Republican presidential candidate William McKinley:

The Supreme Court decision United States v. Wong Kim Ark ruled that:

The Platt Amendment:

The 1894 Pullman Strike:

What explains the appeal of the Lost Cause mythology for Southern whites in the late nineteenth century?

The severe depression of 1893:

In his Atlanta speech of 1895, Booker T. Washington:

Supporters of the Anti-Imperialist League:

The expression of agrarian discontent as a prominent national issue diminished at the turn of the century with

Which was NOT part of the Populist platform?

Which institution was hardest hit by the Redeemers once they assumed power in the South?

American expansionism after the 1890s:

Had the Teller Amendment been applied to the Philippines and Cuba, how would it have changed the Spanish-American war?

Evaluate the extent to which the new systems of production, technology, and transportation contributed to maintaining continuity as well as fostering change in the lives of farmers during the period 1865 to 1898.

Why did the Populist movement energize thousands of American women?