Exam 5: Reinforcement

Operant learning sometimes occurs without any sign of awareness of the relation between behavior and its consequence.

gave Skinner's experimental chamber the name, "Skinner box."

The Watson and Rayner experiment with Little Albert may have involved operant as well as Pavlovian learning because the loud noise .

Negative reinforcement is also called .

Meerkats train their young using procedures that resemble shaping.

Unexpected reinforcers produce more dopamine than expected reinforcers.

Resurgence may help account for .

Premack's name is most logically associated with .

People can learn to behave randomly provided that reinforcers are made contingent on random acts.

One tip for successful shaping of behavior is to provide large reinforcers.

Thorndike plotted the results of his puzzle box experiments as graphs.The resulting curves show a/an with succeeding trials.

Skinner describes some of his most important research in .

Studies demonstrate that operant learning is as effective with involuntary behavior, such as the salivary reflex, as it is with voluntary behavior.

Money is a good example of a reinforcer.

Chaining is a useful procedure for shaping behavior in laboratory animals, but it does not appear to be important in wildlife.

The free operant procedure is most associated with .

Studies of delayed reinforcement document the importance of .

A general assumption of behavioral research is that any feature of a behavior may be strengthened by reinforcement, so long as reinforcement can be made contingent on that feature.

is a neurotransmitter that seems to be important in reinforcement.

In shaping, it is sometimes a good idea to back up-- i.e., to reinforce earlier approximations of the desired behavior.