Exam 5: Reinforcement

The more you increase the size of a reinforcer, the less benefit you get from the increase.

Thorndike made important contributions to all of the following fields except .

Shaping is the reinforcement of successive .

The reappearance of previously effective behavior during extinction is called .

Cark Hull's explanation of reinforcement assumes that reinforcers .

The author of your text calls Skinner the .

Reprimands, restraint, captivity, and electrical shocks can be reinforcers.

Backward chaining begins with the reinforcement of the last behavior in the chain.

Another term for operant is instrumental.

According to the one-process theory of avoidance, the avoidance response is reinforced by .

All of the following are useful tips for shaping behavior except .

Describe how you would use shaping to train a pigeon to hop on one foot.

The level of deprivation is less important when the reinforcer used is a/an reinforcer.

Often the initial effect of an extinction procedure is an increase in the behavior called a/an extinction .

The number of operant procedures indicated in the contingency square is .

Skinner generally used a free operant procedure in his research.

Your text describes the research of Tolman and Honzik (1930) on maze learning and food reward.In one experiment some rats received food rewards after every trial; others received food only beginning on day 11.In another experiment, some rats received food reward on all trials; others received food for the first 10 days but not thereafter.The first experiment seemed to demonstrate "latent learning;" the second seemed to demonstrate "latent forgetting." Describe these findings and explain how they can be resolved.

Charles Catania identified three characteristics that define reinforcement.These include all of the following except .

Positive reinforcement is sometimes called .

Pearl Mary's grandmother, Pearl, is from the Old Country.Although she knows some English, she continues to Speak her native tongue.Pearl can't go anywhere without a member of the family because she can't Communicate with people about prices, directions, bus routes, etc. Mary decides to try to modify Pearl's behavior.She and the rest of the family refuse to respond to any comment or request by Pearl that they know she is capable of expressing in English.For example, if during dinner she says, "Pass the potatoes" in English, she gets potatoes; if she says it in her native language she gets ignored. Refer to Pearl.The procedure being used to change Pearl's behavior is .