Question 1

Irrigated land accounts for only about 4 percent of the world's food harvests.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

Soil properties discussed in the text include colour,texture,structure,porosity,moisture regimes,chemistry,and abiotic and biotic formation factors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

Over 15,000 soil series have been classified up to this time in the United States and Canada.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

Pick seven of the 10 soil orders.For each order,give a description and a typical location and climate where the soil order is likely to be found.

Accepted Answer

1. Alfisols: 
Description: Alfisols are

Question 5

Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A) both the direct and indirect costs of soil erosion is estimated at hundreds of thousands of dollars worldwide. 
B) soil that has eroded could take decades to be replaced. 
C) loss of soil,combined with exponential population growth,could lead to serious food shortages. 
D) in most of the densely inhabited regions of the world,soil erosion is not a problem. 
E) moving from west to east across Canada,the losses of organic material in the soil decrease. 
A) both the direct and indirect costs of soil erosion is estimated at hundreds of thousands of dollars worldwide. 
B) soil that has eroded could take decades to be replaced. 
C) loss of soil,combined with exponential population growth,could lead to serious food shortages. 
D) in most of the densely inhabited regions of the world,soil erosion is not a problem. 
E) moving from west to east across Canada,the losses of organic material in the soil decrease.

Question 6

Rounded peds have ________ space between them than other peds,and are therefore ________.

Accepted Answer

A) less worse for plant growth 
B) less better for plant growth 
C) more worse for plant growth 
D) more better for plant growth 
A) less worse for plant growth 
B) less better for plant growth 
C) more worse for plant growth 
D) more better for plant growth

Question 7

Soil porosity is improved by

Accepted Answer

A) the pore size,shape and orientation allowing water and air to move through. 
B) compacting the soil to orient the pores. 
C) indurating the soil to connect the pores. 
D) cementing the soil to locate the pores between peds. 
A) the pore size,shape and orientation allowing water and air to move through. 
B) compacting the soil to orient the pores. 
C) indurating the soil to connect the pores. 
D) cementing the soil to locate the pores between peds.

Question 8

Which pedogenic regime tends to occur in cool,coniferous forests,and results in acidification of the soil?

Accepted Answer

A) laterization 
B) salinization 
C) podzolation 
D) calcification 
E) gleysation 
A) laterization 
B) salinization 
C) podzolation 
D) calcification 
E) gleysation

Question 9

Accumulations of thick organic matter,such as in the beds of former lakes or bogs,are classified as

Accepted Answer

A) Regosolic. 
B) Organic. 
C) Vertisolic. 
D) Chernozemic. 
E) Gleysolic 
A) Regosolic. 
B) Organic. 
C) Vertisolic. 
D) Chernozemic. 
E) Gleysolic

Question 10

Soil consistency refers to

Accepted Answer

A) the uniformity of particle size. 
B) the uniformity of ped types. 
C) the soil's resistance to breaking and manipulation under different moisture conditions. 
D) the soil's ability to consistently maintain a given level of soil moisture. 
E) the soil's ability to expel water. 
A) the uniformity of particle size. 
B) the uniformity of ped types. 
C) the soil's resistance to breaking and manipulation under different moisture conditions. 
D) the soil's ability to consistently maintain a given level of soil moisture. 
E) the soil's ability to expel water.

Question 11

Luvisolic soils would not be dominant

Accepted Answer

A) in floodplains. 
B) in prairies. 
C) in tundra. 
D) on hillslopes. 
E) in wetlands 
A) in floodplains. 
B) in prairies. 
C) in tundra. 
D) on hillslopes. 
E) in wetlands

Question 12

The soil horizon that principally contains illuviation accumulations is designated the ________ horizon.

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) O 
E) R 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) O 
E) R

Question 13

Describe the typical characteristics of the soil horizons from the top of a pedon to the bottom,and why each horizon develops.

Accepted Answer

Soil horizons are distinct layers of soi

Question 14

Evaporites,common where salinization occurs,are mined commercially from lakebeds in

Accepted Answer

A) Chaplin,Saskatchewan. 
B) Abbotsford,B.C. 
C) Red Deer,Alberta. 
D) Brandon,Manitoba. 
E) Thunder Bay,Ontario 
A) Chaplin,Saskatchewan. 
B) Abbotsford,B.C. 
C) Red Deer,Alberta. 
D) Brandon,Manitoba. 
E) Thunder Bay,Ontario

Question 15

A high CEC means that

Accepted Answer

A) soil colloids can store and exchange more cations. 
B) activity between colloids and the soil solution is low. 
C) the soil is probably infertile. 
D) fewer cations can be exchanged with soil colloids. 
E) soil colloids cannot store cations. 
A) soil colloids can store and exchange more cations. 
B) activity between colloids and the soil solution is low. 
C) the soil is probably infertile. 
D) fewer cations can be exchanged with soil colloids. 
E) soil colloids cannot store cations.

Question 16

Which of the following is true regarding soil erosion?

Accepted Answer

A) soil losses in North America have improved by 38% since 1950. 
B) less than half of the cropland in the United States and Canada is experiencing excessive rates of soil erosion. 
C) soil erosion cannot be controlled by planting on the contour. 
D) thirty-five percent of farms worldwide are losing soil faster than it is being formed. 
E) soil erosion is too big a problem to be dealt with by individuals. 
A) soil losses in North America have improved by 38% since 1950. 
B) less than half of the cropland in the United States and Canada is experiencing excessive rates of soil erosion. 
C) soil erosion cannot be controlled by planting on the contour. 
D) thirty-five percent of farms worldwide are losing soil faster than it is being formed. 
E) soil erosion is too big a problem to be dealt with by individuals.

Question 17

Almost 20 percent of the farmlands in North America are eroding faster than the soil can be replaced.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

With reference to the Munsell Color Chart,which of the following is incorrectly matched?

Accepted Answer

A) hue - red 
B) chroma - purity 
C) value - green 
A) hue - red 
B) chroma - purity 
C) value - green

Question 19

Which pedogenic regime is associated with tropical soils?

Accepted Answer

A) calcification 
B) podzolization 
C) salinization 
D) laterization 
E) gleysation 
A) calcification 
B) podzolization 
C) salinization 
D) laterization 
E) gleysation

Question 20

Soil is a dynamic natural body comprising fine materials in which plants grow,and which is composed of both mineral and organic matter.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 18: The Geography of Soils

Irrigated land accounts for only about 4 percent of the world's food harvests.

Soil properties discussed in the text include colour,texture,structure,porosity,moisture regimes,chemistry,and abiotic and biotic formation factors.

Over 15,000 soil series have been classified up to this time in the United States and Canada.

Pick seven of the 10 soil orders.For each order,give a description and a typical location and climate where the soil order is likely to be found.

Which of the following is true?

Rounded peds have ________ space between them than other peds,and are therefore ________.

Soil porosity is improved by

Which pedogenic regime tends to occur in cool,coniferous forests,and results in acidification of the soil?

Accumulations of thick organic matter,such as in the beds of former lakes or bogs,are classified as

Soil consistency refers to

Luvisolic soils would not be dominant

The soil horizon that principally contains illuviation accumulations is designated the ________ horizon.

Describe the typical characteristics of the soil horizons from the top of a pedon to the bottom,and why each horizon develops.

Evaporites,common where salinization occurs,are mined commercially from lakebeds in

A high CEC means that

Which of the following is true regarding soil erosion?

Almost 20 percent of the farmlands in North America are eroding faster than the soil can be replaced.

With reference to the Munsell Color Chart,which of the following is incorrectly matched?

Which pedogenic regime is associated with tropical soils?

Soil is a dynamic natural body comprising fine materials in which plants grow,and which is composed of both mineral and organic matter.

Essentials of Geography

Solar Energy to Earth and the Seasons

Earth's Modern Atmosphere

Atmosphere and Surface Energy Balances

Global Temperatures

Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulations

Water and Atmospheric Moisture

Weather

Water Resources

Climate Systems and Climate Change

The Dynamic Planet

Tectonics, Earthquakes, and Volcanism

Weathering, Karst Landscapes, and Mass Movement

River Systems and Landforms

Eolian Processes and Arid Landscapes

The Oceans, Coastal Processes, and Landforms

Glacial and Periglacial Processes and Landforms

Ecosystem Essentials

Terrestrial Biomes

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Rounded peds have space between them than other peds,and are therefore .