Question 1

Earth's liquid and solid layers were discovered by studying the propagation of seismic waves through Earth's interior. P-waves ________; S-waves ________.

Accepted Answer

A) compress and expand the rock as they move through it; vibrate the particles of their medium up and down and side-to-side 
B) can travel through solid granite, magma, water, or air; can travel only through solids-not in fluids 
C) are the fastest of all seismic waves and the first to register on a seismograph; are the second to register on a seismograph 
D) all of the above 
A) compress and expand the rock as they move through it; vibrate the particles of their medium up and down and side-to-side 
B) can travel through solid granite, magma, water, or air; can travel only through solids-not in fluids 
C) are the fastest of all seismic waves and the first to register on a seismograph; are the second to register on a seismograph 
D) all of the above D

Question 2

The longest mountain chain in the world is the

Accepted Answer

A) Mid-Ocean Ridge. 
B) Himalayas. 
C) Appalachians. 
D) Sierra Nevada. 
A) Mid-Ocean Ridge. 
B) Himalayas. 
C) Appalachians. 
D) Sierra Nevada. A

Question 3

Regions in which earthquakes are common are also regions in which

Accepted Answer

A) hurricanes are common. 
B) volcanoes are common. 
C) the geomagnetic force is strong. 
D) many fossils are found. 
A) hurricanes are common. 
B) volcanoes are common. 
C) the geomagnetic force is strong. 
D) many fossils are found. B

Question 4

Does the fact that the mantle is beneath the crust suggest that the mantle is denser than the crust? Explain.

Accepted Answer

The differential separation of elements

Question 5

Describe the theory of plate tectonics.

Accepted Answer

The theory of plate tectonics states tha

Question 6

Which plate subducts when oceanic and continental plates meet and why?

Accepted Answer

A) The continental plate subducts beneath the oceanic plate because the oceanic plate is most dense. 
B) The continental plate subducts beneath the oceanic plate because the continental plate is most dense. 
C) The oceanic plate subducts beneath the continental plate because the oceanic plate is most dense. 
D) The oceanic plate subducts beneath the continental plate because the continental plate is most dense. 
A) The continental plate subducts beneath the oceanic plate because the oceanic plate is most dense. 
B) The continental plate subducts beneath the oceanic plate because the continental plate is most dense. 
C) The oceanic plate subducts beneath the continental plate because the oceanic plate is most dense. 
D) The oceanic plate subducts beneath the continental plate because the continental plate is most dense.

Question 7

Earthquake P-waves are most like

Accepted Answer

A) water waves because they have crests and troughs. 
B) vibrations in a string because they vibrate perpendicularly to the direction of travel. 
C) light waves because they are transverse. 
D) sound waves because they are longitudinal. 
A) water waves because they have crests and troughs. 
B) vibrations in a string because they vibrate perpendicularly to the direction of travel. 
C) light waves because they are transverse. 
D) sound waves because they are longitudinal.

Question 8

Continental crust extends farther down into the mantle than oceanic crust because

Accepted Answer

A) continental crust is thicker than oceanic crust. 
B) oceanic crust is buoyant and rides atop the mantle. 
C) continental crust is heavier than oceanic crust. 
D) continental crust sinks into the mantle and asthenosphere. 
A) continental crust is thicker than oceanic crust. 
B) oceanic crust is buoyant and rides atop the mantle. 
C) continental crust is heavier than oceanic crust. 
D) continental crust sinks into the mantle and asthenosphere.

Question 9

What is isostasy? How does isostasy affect the placement of oceanic crust versus continental crust?

Accepted Answer

Isostasy is the explanation for the vert

Question 10

Oceans are about four times as deep as mountains are high. At the bottom of the ocean are

Accepted Answer

A) huge towering mountains, deep valleys, and deep ocean trenches near the continental borders. 
B) thick oceanic crust at the ocean ridges that gradually thins as it nears the deep ocean trenches. 
C) towering plutonic mountains created from volcanoes and fissure eruptions at the oceanic trench areas. 
D) all of the above 
A) huge towering mountains, deep valleys, and deep ocean trenches near the continental borders. 
B) thick oceanic crust at the ocean ridges that gradually thins as it nears the deep ocean trenches. 
C) towering plutonic mountains created from volcanoes and fissure eruptions at the oceanic trench areas. 
D) all of the above

Question 11

How does erosion and wearing away of a mountain affect the depth to which the crust extends into the asthenosphere?

Accepted Answer

Just as shaving off the top of an iceber

Question 12

What is the evidence for Earth's central core being solid?

Accepted Answer

Earth's solid central core is revealed b

Question 13

When the magnetic field of Earth is reversed,

Accepted Answer

A) Earth flips over in its orbit. 
B) Earth's rotation is also reversed. 
C) newly formed mineral grains on the ocean floor are magnetized according to the new orientation of the magnetic field. 
A) Earth flips over in its orbit. 
B) Earth's rotation is also reversed. 
C) newly formed mineral grains on the ocean floor are magnetized according to the new orientation of the magnetic field.

Question 14

Briefly describe the different types of plate boundaries.

Accepted Answer

Divergent boundaries, produced by tensio

Question 15

According to the theory of seafloor spreading, large quantities of molten rock rises up along

Accepted Answer

A) the mid-ocean ridges. 
B) trenches that border continental margins. 
C) atolls surrounding the Pacific volcanic rim. 
D) subsiding divergent margins. 
A) the mid-ocean ridges. 
B) trenches that border continental margins. 
C) atolls surrounding the Pacific volcanic rim. 
D) subsiding divergent margins.

Question 16

Most of Earth's seismic activity, volcanism, and mountain formation occur along

Accepted Answer

A) convergent boundaries. 
B) divergent boundaries. 
C) plate boundaries. 
D) transform fault boundaries. 
A) convergent boundaries. 
B) divergent boundaries. 
C) plate boundaries. 
D) transform fault boundaries.

Question 17

The Mohorovicic discontinuity exists because

Accepted Answer

A) the temperature inside Earth changes with depth. 
B) the rock at this depth transitions from lower density to higher density. 
C) there is change in the physical state of rocks on both sides of the boundary. 
D) there is a difference in conductivity of the rocks on either side of the boundary. 
A) the temperature inside Earth changes with depth. 
B) the rock at this depth transitions from lower density to higher density. 
C) there is change in the physical state of rocks on both sides of the boundary. 
D) there is a difference in conductivity of the rocks on either side of the boundary.

Question 18

Surface waves are useful for investigating Earth's interior because they

Accepted Answer

A) refract at the boundaries between Earth's layers. 
B) reflect at the boundaries between Earth's layers. 
C) cast shadows indicating Earth's layers. 
D) none of the above 
A) refract at the boundaries between Earth's layers. 
B) reflect at the boundaries between Earth's layers. 
C) cast shadows indicating Earth's layers. 
D) none of the above

Question 19

Which waves indicate the most extensive shadow? Why?

Accepted Answer

A) P waves-because they cannot travel through the liquid outer core 
B) P waves-because they cannot travel through the solid inner core 
C) S waves-because they cannot travel through the liquid outer core 
D) S waves-because they cannot travel through the solid inner core 
A) P waves-because they cannot travel through the liquid outer core 
B) P waves-because they cannot travel through the solid inner core 
C) S waves-because they cannot travel through the liquid outer core 
D) S waves-because they cannot travel through the solid inner core

Question 20

Spreading centers occur along

Accepted Answer

A) trenches. 
B) transform faults. 
C) mid-ocean ridges. 
D) the northern and western margins of the Juan de Fuca plate. 
A) trenches. 
B) transform faults. 
C) mid-ocean ridges. 
D) the northern and western margins of the Juan de Fuca plate.

Exam 22: Plate Tectonics

Earth's liquid and solid layers were discovered by studying the propagation of seismic waves through Earth's interior. P-waves ________; S-waves ________.

The longest mountain chain in the world is the

Regions in which earthquakes are common are also regions in which

Does the fact that the mantle is beneath the crust suggest that the mantle is denser than the crust? Explain.

Describe the theory of plate tectonics.

Which plate subducts when oceanic and continental plates meet and why?

Earthquake P-waves are most like

Continental crust extends farther down into the mantle than oceanic crust because

What is isostasy? How does isostasy affect the placement of oceanic crust versus continental crust?

Oceans are about four times as deep as mountains are high. At the bottom of the ocean are

How does erosion and wearing away of a mountain affect the depth to which the crust extends into the asthenosphere?

What is the evidence for Earth's central core being solid?

When the magnetic field of Earth is reversed,

Briefly describe the different types of plate boundaries.

According to the theory of seafloor spreading, large quantities of molten rock rises up along

Most of Earth's seismic activity, volcanism, and mountain formation occur along

The Mohorovicic discontinuity exists because

Surface waves are useful for investigating Earth's interior because they

Which waves indicate the most extensive shadow? Why?

Spreading centers occur along

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Earth's liquid and solid layers were discovered by studying the propagation of seismic waves through Earth's interior. P-waves ; S-waves .