Exam 3: Federalism and the Separation of Powers

Grant programs in which state and local governments submit proposals to federal agencies and for which funding is provided on a competitive basis are known as ____________ grants.

In a 1990s ruling that struck down a gun control law, the Supreme Court held that the federal government cannot require states to administer or enforce federal regulatory programs.

Federal judicial resistance to President Franklin D.Roosevelt's expansive New Deal programs, created to battle the Great Depression and involving extensive economic regulation, finally ended when:

Funds that are given by Congress to states and localities and that may only be spent on narrowly defined purposes are known as:

The Unfunded Mandate Reform Act (UMRA) limits the number of unfunded mandates Congress may place on states in a given year.

For nearly 150 years after the ratification of the federal Constitution, most of the major policies affecting Americans' lives came from____________________.

The role of the judicial branch in the separation of powers has depended on:

There were no Supreme Court reviews of congressional acts in the 50-plus years between Marbury v.Madison (1803) and Dred Scott (1857).

Powers not granted to the federal government in the Constitution, such as the power to regulate commerce, are reserved to the states.

The system of government that prevailed in the United States from the writing of the Constitution to approximately the Great Depression could be most accurately characterized as _____________ federalism.

Obligations imposed on state governments, by Congress, without reimbursement have come to be known as ___________.

A prisoner convicted of murder and facing the death penalty in the state of Texas escapes but is later recaptured by authorities in the state of Vermont.Unlike Texas, Vermont does not have the death penalty.In this case, the state of Vermont is required to:

Local governments became important in the early days of the Republic because they proved useful in carrying out state laws, in an age of limited state administrative capacity.

Local government entities such as counties and cities have no status in the U.S.Constitution.

Powers reserved to the state government to regulate the health, safety, and morals of its citizens are known as _____________ powers.

The type of federalism that occurs when the national government actually threatens to withhold grant money unless state and local governments conform to national standards is known as _____________ federalism.

During the Watergate crisis of the early 1970s, the Supreme Court agreed with the Nixon administration's assertion that executive privilege protected data in audio tapes sought by a special prosecutor.

Review of the constitutionality of acts of the president or Congress by the U.S.Supreme Court has been relatively routine and common.

The power of eminent domain refers to the right of:

The Supreme Court's interpretation of federalism over the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries kept Congress from passing many industrial regulations, including ones involving working hours and child labor, because justices held that: