Question 1

The determination of daily weights is used to monitor

Accepted Answer

A)  serum K+. 
B)  diuretic therapy. 
C)  concentration of plasma protein. 
D)  pH. 
A)  serum K+. 
B)  diuretic therapy. 
C)  concentration of plasma protein. 
D)  pH. B

Question 2

Where does most of the body's acid come from?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is reabsorbed from the urine by the kidneys. 
B)  Metabolic reactions within the body 
C)  Ingestion of fruit juices 
D)  Ingestion of a variety of sources of bicarbonate 
A)  It is reabsorbed from the urine by the kidneys. 
B)  Metabolic reactions within the body 
C)  Ingestion of fruit juices 
D)  Ingestion of a variety of sources of bicarbonate B

Question 3

A drug that decreases the synthesis of aldosterone

Accepted Answer

A)  decreases blood pressure. 
B)  causes hypernatremia. 
C)  causes hypokalemia. 
D)  does all of the above. 
A)  decreases blood pressure. 
B)  causes hypernatremia. 
C)  causes hypokalemia. 
D)  does all of the above. A

Question 4

Which of the following is most likely to develop in an anxious hyperventilating patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  Respiratory acidosis 
B)  Alkalosis 
C)  A decrease in plasma pH 
D)  Ketoacidosis 
A)  Respiratory acidosis 
B)  Alkalosis 
C)  A decrease in plasma pH 
D)  Ketoacidosis

Question 5

Hyperkalemia

Accepted Answer

A)  refers to an elevated serum calcium level. 
B)  generally develops in response to declining renal function. 
C)  is often caused by a kaliuretic diuretic. 
D)  is caused by excess aldosterone. 
A)  refers to an elevated serum calcium level. 
B)  generally develops in response to declining renal function. 
C)  is often caused by a kaliuretic diuretic. 
D)  is caused by excess aldosterone.

Question 6

Metabolic acidosis,such as diabetic ketoacidosis,is most likely to cause

Accepted Answer

A)  hypoventilation. 
B)  Kussmaul respirations. 
C)  the renal excretion of bicarbonate. 
D)  the renal retention of H+. 
A)  hypoventilation. 
B)  Kussmaul respirations. 
C)  the renal excretion of bicarbonate. 
D)  the renal retention of H+.

Question 7

Which group is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anions: bicarbonate, chloride, phosphate 
B)  Lines of defense against acid-base imbalance: buffers, lungs, kidneys 
C)  Transcellular fluids: aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid 
D)  Hormones: aldosterone, ADH, ANP, urea 
A)  Anions: bicarbonate, chloride, phosphate 
B)  Lines of defense against acid-base imbalance: buffers, lungs, kidneys 
C)  Transcellular fluids: aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid 
D)  Hormones: aldosterone, ADH, ANP, urea

Question 8

Which ion determines pH?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sodium 
B)  Hydrogen 
C)  Bicarbonate 
D)  Potassium 
A)  Sodium 
B)  Hydrogen 
C)  Bicarbonate 
D)  Potassium

Question 9

A patient is admitted with severe emphysema and a PO₂ of 85.He also has a blood pH of 7.25 and a serum bicarbonate of 40 mEq/liter.Which of the following is the accurate description?

Accepted Answer

A)  Metabolic acidosis and respiratory compensation 
B)  Metabolic alkalosis with a respiratory compensation 
C)  Respiratory alkalosis with a renal compensation 
D)  Respiratory acidosis with a renal compensation 
A)  Metabolic acidosis and respiratory compensation 
B)  Metabolic alkalosis with a respiratory compensation 
C)  Respiratory alkalosis with a renal compensation 
D)  Respiratory acidosis with a renal compensation

Question 10

Which of the following is descriptive of normal saline?

Accepted Answer

A)  Distilled water 
B)  0.9% sodium chloride 
C)  Highly acidic 
D)  Contains albumin 
A)  Distilled water 
B)  0.9% sodium chloride 
C)  Highly acidic 
D)  Contains albumin

Question 11

Which of the following is true about interstitial fluid,plasma,lymph,and transcellular fluid?

Accepted Answer

A)  Contain no electrolytes 
B)  Protein-free fluids 
C)  Classified as extracellular 
D)  pH less than 6 (highly acidic) 
A)  Contain no electrolytes 
B)  Protein-free fluids 
C)  Classified as extracellular 
D)  pH less than 6 (highly acidic)

Question 12

Hypoventilation is most likely to cause

Accepted Answer

A)  acidosis. 
B)  edema. 
C)  renal excretion of bicarbonate. 
D)  hypokalemia. 
A)  acidosis. 
B)  edema. 
C)  renal excretion of bicarbonate. 
D)  hypokalemia.

Question 13

Hyperkalemia refers to an increase in the blood levels of which ion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hydrogen 
B)  Bicarbonate 
C)  Calcium 
D)  Potassium 
A)  Hydrogen 
B)  Bicarbonate 
C)  Calcium 
D)  Potassium

Question 14

Which of the following is true of dehydration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Is characterized by poor skin turgor and "tenting" 
B)  Is accompanied by an decrease in urine specific gravity 
C)  Causes a shift of water from the vasculature into the interstitium 
D)  Is generally treated with a diuretic 
A)  Is characterized by poor skin turgor and "tenting" 
B)  Is accompanied by an decrease in urine specific gravity 
C)  Causes a shift of water from the vasculature into the interstitium 
D)  Is generally treated with a diuretic

Question 15

Which of the following conditions is most apt to decrease glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Overhydration 
B)  Hypotension 
C)  Administration of a diuretic for the treatment of edema 
D)  Water intoxication 
A)  Overhydration 
B)  Hypotension 
C)  Administration of a diuretic for the treatment of edema 
D)  Water intoxication

Question 16

Which of the following is true of hyperkalemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Also causes blood volume expansion and hypertension 
B)  Refers to an elevation in serum potassium 
C)  Is most often due to impaired respiratory function 
D)  Is due to an accumulation of urea in the blood 
A)  Also causes blood volume expansion and hypertension 
B)  Refers to an elevation in serum potassium 
C)  Is most often due to impaired respiratory function 
D)  Is due to an accumulation of urea in the blood

Question 17

Which of the following is most likely to develop in a patient who hypoventilates because of a chronic respiratory disease,such as emphysema?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kussmaul respirations 
B)  A decrease in the plasma concentration of hydrogen ion 
C)  An increase in plasma pH 
D)  Acidosis 
A)  Kussmaul respirations 
B)  A decrease in the plasma concentration of hydrogen ion 
C)  An increase in plasma pH 
D)  Acidosis

Question 18

Which hormone stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb calcium and to excrete phosphate?

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH 
B)  Aldosterone 
C)  Parathyroid hormone 
D)  Erythropoietin 
A)  ADH 
B)  Aldosterone 
C)  Parathyroid hormone 
D)  Erythropoietin

Question 19

Kaliuresis refers to the urinary loss of

Accepted Answer

A)  water. 
B)  albumin. 
C)  potassium. 
D)  sodium. 
A)  water. 
B)  albumin. 
C)  potassium. 
D)  sodium.

Question 20

Which of the following is true about these percentages: 60% and 28%? They represent the amount of

Accepted Answer

A)  water eliminated as urine and through the skin and lungs. 
B)  Na+ and K+ reabsorbed by the kidneys in response to aldosterone. 
C)  water ingested through moist food and metabolism. 
D)  Na+ and K+ reabsorbed in response to ADH secretion. 
A)  water eliminated as urine and through the skin and lungs. 
B)  Na+ and K+ reabsorbed by the kidneys in response to aldosterone. 
C)  water ingested through moist food and metabolism. 
D)  Na+ and K+ reabsorbed in response to ADH secretion.

Exam 25: Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

The determination of daily weights is used to monitor

Where does most of the body's acid come from?

A drug that decreases the synthesis of aldosterone

Which of the following is most likely to develop in an anxious hyperventilating patient?

Hyperkalemia

Metabolic acidosis,such as diabetic ketoacidosis,is most likely to cause

Which group is incorrect?

Which ion determines pH?

A patient is admitted with severe emphysema and a PO₂ of 85.He also has a blood pH of 7.25 and a serum bicarbonate of 40 mEq/liter.Which of the following is the accurate description?

Which of the following is descriptive of normal saline?

Which of the following is true about interstitial fluid,plasma,lymph,and transcellular fluid?

Hypoventilation is most likely to cause

Hyperkalemia refers to an increase in the blood levels of which ion?

Which of the following is true of dehydration?

Which of the following conditions is most apt to decrease glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

Which of the following is true of hyperkalemia?

Which of the following is most likely to develop in a patient who hypoventilates because of a chronic respiratory disease,such as emphysema?

Which hormone stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb calcium and to excrete phosphate?

Kaliuresis refers to the urinary loss of

Which of the following is true about these percentages: 60% and 28%? They represent the amount of

Introduction to the Human Body

Basic Chemistry

Cells

Cell Metabolism

Microbiology Basics

Tissues and Membranes

Integumentary System and Body Temperature

Skeletal System

Muscular System

Nervous System: Nervous Tissue and Brain

Nervous System: Spinal Cord and Peripheral Nerves

Autonomic Nervous System

Sensory System

Endocrine System

Blood

Anatomy of the Heart

Function of the Heart

Anatomy of the Blood Vessels

Functions of the Blood Vessels

Lymphatic System

Immune System

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Urinary System

Reproductive Systems

Human Development and Heredity

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