Question 1

The process of identifying,assessing,and reducing risk is called:

Accepted Answer

A) risk 
B) risk assessment 
C) risk management 
D) risk categorization 
A) risk 
B) risk assessment 
C) risk management 
D) risk categorization C

Question 2

Which of the following would be considered an infectious disease-causing agent?

Accepted Answer

A) PCBs 
B) radiation 
C) pathogens 
D) AIDS 
A) PCBs 
B) radiation 
C) pathogens 
D) AIDS C

Question 3

Why are public water supplies monitored for fecal coliform bacteria despite the fact that most strains of E.coli do not cause disease

Accepted Answer

A) E.coli is the best indicator of sewage-contaminated water because it doesn't appear in the environment except from human and animal feces. 
B) The fecal coliform test is the least expensive,though not most accurate,way to test for sewage contamination. 
C) Contrary to what is generally accepted,E.coli is in fact a deadly disease causing pathogen. 
D) E.coli is the only bacteria in our water supply that we know how to test for. 
A) E.coli is the best indicator of sewage-contaminated water because it doesn't appear in the environment except from human and animal feces. 
B) The fecal coliform test is the least expensive,though not most accurate,way to test for sewage contamination. 
C) Contrary to what is generally accepted,E.coli is in fact a deadly disease causing pathogen. 
D) E.coli is the only bacteria in our water supply that we know how to test for. A

Question 4

The ___ and ___ were amended in response to the need to test chemicals for their potential to disrupt the endocrine system.

Accepted Answer

A) Endangered Species Act and Wilderness Act 
B) Safe Drinking Water Act and Food Quality Protection Act 
C) Clean Air Act and Clean Water Act 
D) Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants and Kyoto Protocol 
A) Endangered Species Act and Wilderness Act 
B) Safe Drinking Water Act and Food Quality Protection Act 
C) Clean Air Act and Clean Water Act 
D) Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants and Kyoto Protocol

Question 5

Which of the following statements about children and chemical exposure is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Children are slightly less susceptible to chemicals than adults. 
B) The LD₅₀ values are lower for children than adults. 
C) LD₅₀ is determined for particular chemicals,independent of age and other variables. 
D) The ED₅₀ for children is no different from that of adults. 
A) Children are slightly less susceptible to chemicals than adults. 
B) The LD₅₀ values are lower for children than adults. 
C) LD₅₀ is determined for particular chemicals,independent of age and other variables. 
D) The ED₅₀ for children is no different from that of adults.

Question 6

Which of the following is an LD₅₀ used for?

Accepted Answer

A) determine the concentration of fecal coliform bacteria 
B) measure bioaccumulation of a chemical 
C) measure bio magnification of a toxin 
D) determine the toxicity of a chemical 
A) determine the concentration of fecal coliform bacteria 
B) measure bioaccumulation of a chemical 
C) measure bio magnification of a toxin 
D) determine the toxicity of a chemical

Question 7

Currently,toxicologists use to assign risk to mixtures of chemicals in risk assessment studies.

Accepted Answer

A) additivity 
B) synergy 
C) antagonism 
D) Persistence 
A) additivity 
B) synergy 
C) antagonism 
D) Persistence

Question 8

Which of the following statements about carcinogens is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Cancer was traditionally the main disease evaluated in the chemical risk assessment of environmental contaminants. 
B) In lab studies,rats and mice often respond differently to the same carcinogen. 
C) It is assumed that one can extrapolate from doses and cancer rates in rats to determine human cancer rates. 
D) No false statement,all of the above are true 
A) Cancer was traditionally the main disease evaluated in the chemical risk assessment of environmental contaminants. 
B) In lab studies,rats and mice often respond differently to the same carcinogen. 
C) It is assumed that one can extrapolate from doses and cancer rates in rats to determine human cancer rates. 
D) No false statement,all of the above are true

Question 9

Briefly explain what a dose-response curve is and compare and contrast LD₅₀ and ED₅₀.Explain how this information about toxicants is applied in determining the health effects of environmental pollutants and evaluate and/or regulate chemical pollutants.What are two limitations of this approach

Accepted Answer

A dose-response curve is a graph that sh

Question 10

Acute toxicity:

Accepted Answer

A) is only caused by synthetic chemicals. 
B) is poorly understood by toxicologists. 
C) may mimic symptoms of chronic diseases. 
D) produces an effect within a short period of a single exposure. 
A) is only caused by synthetic chemicals. 
B) is poorly understood by toxicologists. 
C) may mimic symptoms of chronic diseases. 
D) produces an effect within a short period of a single exposure.

Question 11

Why were POPs singled out for regulation by the international community?

Accepted Answer

A) They are important pathogens. 
B) They bioaccumulate in organisms. 
C) They are highly mobile. 
D) b & c were the reasons they were singled out 
A) They are important pathogens. 
B) They bioaccumulate in organisms. 
C) They are highly mobile. 
D) b & c were the reasons they were singled out

Question 12

Which of the following was the banning of hormone treated and GMO fed beef by the European Union based upon?

Accepted Answer

A) EPA regulations. 
B) The Stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants. 
C) Previous problems with toxicity of these chemicals. 
D) The precautionary principle. 
A) EPA regulations. 
B) The Stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants. 
C) Previous problems with toxicity of these chemicals. 
D) The precautionary principle.

Question 13

A chemical substance that is extremely stable and takes years to break down into a less toxic form would be considered to be:

Accepted Answer

A) Persistent 
B) bioaccumulating 
C) chronic 
D) biomagnified 
A) Persistent 
B) bioaccumulating 
C) chronic 
D) biomagnified

Question 14

Which of the following would be a symptom of acute toxicity?

Accepted Answer

A) asthma 
B) arthritis 
C) cancer 
D) dizziness 
A) asthma 
B) arthritis 
C) cancer 
D) dizziness

Question 15

Compare and contrast bioaccumulation and biological magnification.

Accepted Answer

When molecules of pesticide are not brok

Question 16

Which of the following statements about malaria is FALSE:

Accepted Answer

A) It is a non-transmittable disease caused by synthetic chemicals. 
B) Road clearing in the Amazon has disrupted the natural environment and created habitat for the mosquito larvae to thrive. 
C) Mosquitoes do not cause malaria but are the agents of transmission of the disease. 
D) It is an infectious disease caused by a protozoan parasite. 
A) It is a non-transmittable disease caused by synthetic chemicals. 
B) Road clearing in the Amazon has disrupted the natural environment and created habitat for the mosquito larvae to thrive. 
C) Mosquitoes do not cause malaria but are the agents of transmission of the disease. 
D) It is an infectious disease caused by a protozoan parasite.

Question 17

Put the following steps of risk assessment in the correct order:
I.risk characterization
II.risk management
III.hazard identification
IV.dose-response and exposure assessment

Accepted Answer

A) I - II - III - IV 
B) IV - III - II - I 
C) III - II - IV - I 
D) None of these choices. 
A) I - II - III - IV 
B) IV - III - II - I 
C) III - II - IV - I 
D) None of these choices.

Question 18

The most common method of determining whether a chemical causes cancer is to expose groups of laboratory animals,such as rats,to various large doses and count how many animals develop cancer at the different levels.All of the following are problems with this approach in terms of understanding the health risks to humans EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) This method is indirect and uncertain as human and rats are different organisms and may respond differently to exposure to the same chemical. 
B) For expediting the research process,in lab settings rats are exposed to massive doses of suspected carcinogens relative to body size whereas humans are usually exposed to much lower amounts. 
C) For ethical reasons,rats in lab settings are given very small doses of suspected carcinogens relative to body size whereas humans are usually exposed to much higher amounts 
D) Risk assessment assumes that we can extrapolate from studies in rats to determine the expected rates of cancer in humans but extrapolating from one species to another and from one dose level to another is uncertain and may overestimate or underestimate a toxicant's danger. 
A) This method is indirect and uncertain as human and rats are different organisms and may respond differently to exposure to the same chemical. 
B) For expediting the research process,in lab settings rats are exposed to massive doses of suspected carcinogens relative to body size whereas humans are usually exposed to much lower amounts. 
C) For ethical reasons,rats in lab settings are given very small doses of suspected carcinogens relative to body size whereas humans are usually exposed to much higher amounts 
D) Risk assessment assumes that we can extrapolate from studies in rats to determine the expected rates of cancer in humans but extrapolating from one species to another and from one dose level to another is uncertain and may overestimate or underestimate a toxicant's danger.

Question 19

Endocrine disrupters:

Accepted Answer

A) are only active in very large doses or exposures 
B) only affect the reproductive capability of females 
C) affect the reproduction of fishes,birds,reptiles and mammals 
D) only affect the reproduction of humans 
A) are only active in very large doses or exposures 
B) only affect the reproductive capability of females 
C) affect the reproduction of fishes,birds,reptiles and mammals 
D) only affect the reproduction of humans

Question 20

A carcinogen is a:

Accepted Answer

A) type of microorganism associated with human sewage. 
B) cancer-causing chemical,radiation,or virus. 
C) vehicle that requires no gasoline to operate. 
D) phytochemical (a protective plant compound that promotes health). 
A) type of microorganism associated with human sewage. 
B) cancer-causing chemical,radiation,or virus. 
C) vehicle that requires no gasoline to operate. 
D) phytochemical (a protective plant compound that promotes health).

The process of identifying,assessing,and reducing risk is called:

Which of the following would be considered an infectious disease-causing agent?

Why are public water supplies monitored for fecal coliform bacteria despite the fact that most strains of E.coli do not cause disease

The _ and _ were amended in response to the need to test chemicals for their potential to disrupt the endocrine system.

Which of the following statements about children and chemical exposure is true?

Which of the following is an LD₅₀ used for?

Currently,toxicologists use to assign risk to mixtures of chemicals in risk assessment studies.

Which of the following statements about carcinogens is FALSE?

Acute toxicity:

Why were POPs singled out for regulation by the international community?

Which of the following was the banning of hormone treated and GMO fed beef by the European Union based upon?

A chemical substance that is extremely stable and takes years to break down into a less toxic form would be considered to be:

Which of the following would be a symptom of acute toxicity?

Compare and contrast bioaccumulation and biological magnification.

Which of the following statements about malaria is FALSE:

Put the following steps of risk assessment in the correct order: I.risk characterization II.risk management III.hazard identification IV.dose-response and exposure assessment

Endocrine disrupters:

A carcinogen is a:

The Environmental Challenges We Face

Sustainability and Human Values

Environmental History, Politics, and Economics

How Ecosystems Work

Ecosystems and Evolution

Human Population Change and the Environment

Air and Air Pollution

Global Atmospheric Changes

Freshwater Resources and Water Pollution

The Ocean and Fisheries

Mineral and Soil Resources

Land Resources

Agriculture and Food Resources

Biodiversity and Conservation

Solid and Hazardous Waste

Nonrenewable Energy Resources

Renewable Energy Resources

Filters

Exam 4: Risk Analysis and Environmental Health Hazards

The process of identifying,assessing,and reducing risk is called:

Which of the following would be considered an infectious disease-causing agent?

Why are public water supplies monitored for fecal coliform bacteria despite the fact that most strains of E.coli do not cause disease

The ___ and ___ were amended in response to the need to test chemicals for their potential to disrupt the endocrine system.

Which of the following statements about children and chemical exposure is true?

Which of the following is an LD₅₀ used for?

Currently,toxicologists use to assign risk to mixtures of chemicals in risk assessment studies.

Which of the following statements about carcinogens is FALSE?

Acute toxicity:

Why were POPs singled out for regulation by the international community?

Which of the following was the banning of hormone treated and GMO fed beef by the European Union based upon?

A chemical substance that is extremely stable and takes years to break down into a less toxic form would be considered to be:

Which of the following would be a symptom of acute toxicity?

Compare and contrast bioaccumulation and biological magnification.

Which of the following statements about malaria is FALSE:

Put the following steps of risk assessment in the correct order: I.risk characterization II.risk management III.hazard identification IV.dose-response and exposure assessment

Endocrine disrupters:

A carcinogen is a:

The Environmental Challenges We Face

Sustainability and Human Values

Environmental History, Politics, and Economics

How Ecosystems Work

Ecosystems and Evolution

Human Population Change and the Environment

Air and Air Pollution

Global Atmospheric Changes

Freshwater Resources and Water Pollution

The Ocean and Fisheries

Mineral and Soil Resources

Land Resources

Agriculture and Food Resources

Biodiversity and Conservation

Solid and Hazardous Waste

Nonrenewable Energy Resources

Renewable Energy Resources

Filters

The _ and _ were amended in response to the need to test chemicals for their potential to disrupt the endocrine system.