Question 1

El Niño-Southern Oscillation events:

Accepted Answer

A) are responsible for dramatic increases in the productivity of fisheries off South America. 
B) affect coastal areas of Peru around mid-summer each year. 
C) occur once or twice every century. 
D) alter both ocean and atmospheric circulation patterns. 
A) are responsible for dramatic increases in the productivity of fisheries off South America. 
B) affect coastal areas of Peru around mid-summer each year. 
C) occur once or twice every century. 
D) alter both ocean and atmospheric circulation patterns. D

Question 2

Why are coral reefs limited to shallow water

Accepted Answer

A) They require the lower salinity found in shallow waters. 
B) There are more nutrients found in shallow water. 
C) Their symbiotic zooxanthellae require light to survive. 
D) They require coastal upwellings in order to survive. 
A) They require the lower salinity found in shallow waters. 
B) There are more nutrients found in shallow water. 
C) Their symbiotic zooxanthellae require light to survive. 
D) They require coastal upwellings in order to survive. C

Question 3

What unique problem is related to photodegradation of plastics

Accepted Answer

A) They break down into highly toxic chemicals. 
B) Photodegradation of plastics is the cause of coral bleaching 
C) Plastics break down,but into tiny bits that persist for an indefinite period. 
D) Fish starve when they feed on degraded plastics. 
A) They break down into highly toxic chemicals. 
B) Photodegradation of plastics is the cause of coral bleaching 
C) Plastics break down,but into tiny bits that persist for an indefinite period. 
D) Fish starve when they feed on degraded plastics. C

Question 4

Where in the US is the largest protected marine area

Accepted Answer

A) New England 
B) Florida 
C) the Gulf of Mexico 
D) Hawaii 
A) New England 
B) Florida 
C) the Gulf of Mexico 
D) Hawaii

Question 5

The Ocean Dumping Ban Act was passed by Congress mainly to control which of the following activities

Accepted Answer

A) Dumping of trash in the oceans. 
B) Dumping of sewage and industrial waste into ocean waters. 
C) Nonpoint pollution runoff from land into the oceans. 
D) Excessive dumping of bycatch by commercial fishing vessels close to the coasts. 
A) Dumping of trash in the oceans. 
B) Dumping of sewage and industrial waste into ocean waters. 
C) Nonpoint pollution runoff from land into the oceans. 
D) Excessive dumping of bycatch by commercial fishing vessels close to the coasts.

Question 6

A major problem the US has in managing its oceans occurs because of which of the following

Accepted Answer

A) An array of agencies and committees manages U.S.waters. 
B) We do not have good models addressing climate change. 
C) There are few laws addressing our oceans. 
D) There is little point in trying to manage a global resource. 
A) An array of agencies and committees manages U.S.waters. 
B) We do not have good models addressing climate change. 
C) There are few laws addressing our oceans. 
D) There is little point in trying to manage a global resource.

Question 7

What animals are the main consumers of kelp fronds and sea grass

Accepted Answer

A) herbivores like green turtles and flat fish 
B) nekton like herring and baleen whales 
C) zooplankton like jellyfish and sea urchin larvae 
D) bacteria that form the base of the detritus food web 
A) herbivores like green turtles and flat fish 
B) nekton like herring and baleen whales 
C) zooplankton like jellyfish and sea urchin larvae 
D) bacteria that form the base of the detritus food web

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the U.N.Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)is FALSE

Accepted Answer

A) The formation of UNCLOS was triggered as a result of industrialized countries' interest in removing manganese nodules from the ocean floor in the 1960s. 
B) Although the US has not ratified UNCLOS,but voluntarily observes its provisions. 
C) UNCLOS is considered a "constitution for the ocean," and its focus is the protection of ocean resources. 
D) UNCLOS was the first international treaty to regulate marine fishing by protecting "essential fish habitat" for more than 600 fish species,reducing overfishing,and minimizing bycatch. 
A) The formation of UNCLOS was triggered as a result of industrialized countries' interest in removing manganese nodules from the ocean floor in the 1960s. 
B) Although the US has not ratified UNCLOS,but voluntarily observes its provisions. 
C) UNCLOS is considered a "constitution for the ocean," and its focus is the protection of ocean resources. 
D) UNCLOS was the first international treaty to regulate marine fishing by protecting "essential fish habitat" for more than 600 fish species,reducing overfishing,and minimizing bycatch.

Question 9

At least 87% of the world's fish stocks are considered over- exploited,fully exploited or depleted.The reason fisheries have experienced such pressure is because:

Accepted Answer

A) the growing human population requires protein,leading to a greater demand. 
B) technological advances allow us to fish so efficiently that every single fish is often removed from an area. 
C) given that no nation lays legal claim to the open ocean resources in the ocean are more susceptible to overuse and degradation than land resources. 
D) all of the above 
A) the growing human population requires protein,leading to a greater demand. 
B) technological advances allow us to fish so efficiently that every single fish is often removed from an area. 
C) given that no nation lays legal claim to the open ocean resources in the ocean are more susceptible to overuse and degradation than land resources. 
D) all of the above

Question 10

Which of the following statements about kelp forests is TRUE

Accepted Answer

A) Kelp forests are underwater ecosystems of sea grasses such as manatee grass,eelgrass,and turtle grass. 
B) Kelp forests occur in shallow quiet waters in the warm temperate,sub-tropical,and tropical parts of the ocean. 
C) Kelps,or brown algae,are food for a few animals but they are mainly consumed in the detritus food chain providing food for sponges,tunicates,worms,clams,and snails. 
D) Kelp forests provide habitat for manatees,green turtles,parrot fish,sturgeon fish,and sea urchins. 
A) Kelp forests are underwater ecosystems of sea grasses such as manatee grass,eelgrass,and turtle grass. 
B) Kelp forests occur in shallow quiet waters in the warm temperate,sub-tropical,and tropical parts of the ocean. 
C) Kelps,or brown algae,are food for a few animals but they are mainly consumed in the detritus food chain providing food for sponges,tunicates,worms,clams,and snails. 
D) Kelp forests provide habitat for manatees,green turtles,parrot fish,sturgeon fish,and sea urchins.

Question 11

How might global warming lead to lower temperatures in Europe

Accepted Answer

A) Melting of Greenland ice will cool European waters. 
B) The ocean conveyor belt might shut down. 
C) Global warming will lead to more El Niño events,and less upwelling. 
D) Changing winds will lead to increased clouds and rainfall in Europe. 
A) Melting of Greenland ice will cool European waters. 
B) The ocean conveyor belt might shut down. 
C) Global warming will lead to more El Niño events,and less upwelling. 
D) Changing winds will lead to increased clouds and rainfall in Europe.

Question 12

Tiny aquatic organisms that drift with ocean currents and waves and form the base of the food chain in the neritic province are called:

Accepted Answer

A) phytoplankton 
B) nekton 
C) zooplankton 
D) zooxanthellae 
A) phytoplankton 
B) nekton 
C) zooplankton 
D) zooxanthellae

Question 13

Which of the following statements does NOT apply to offshore extraction of manganese nodules from the ocean floor

Accepted Answer

A) Dredging manganese nodules from the ocean floor would adversely affect sea life. 
B) The current market value for manganese wouldn't cover the expense of obtaining them from the seafloor using existing technology. 
C) It isn't clear which countries have legal rights to minerals like manganese nodules when they are in international waters. 
D) No exceptions,all of the above apply to the extraction of manganese nodules from the seafloor. 
A) Dredging manganese nodules from the ocean floor would adversely affect sea life. 
B) The current market value for manganese wouldn't cover the expense of obtaining them from the seafloor using existing technology. 
C) It isn't clear which countries have legal rights to minerals like manganese nodules when they are in international waters. 
D) No exceptions,all of the above apply to the extraction of manganese nodules from the seafloor.

Question 14

Organic debris that drifts down from the upper,lighted regions of the oceanic province,and is the base of food chains for organisms of the deep ocean is called:

Accepted Answer

A) plankton 
B) zooxanthellae 
C) kelps 
D) marine snow 
A) plankton 
B) zooxanthellae 
C) kelps 
D) marine snow

Question 15

Which of the following pairs regarding the benthic zone is incorrect

Accepted Answer

A) coral reefs - zooxanthellae 
B) seagrasses - anemones 
C) kelps - large brown algae 
D) benthic environment - mud or sand 
A) coral reefs - zooxanthellae 
B) seagrasses - anemones 
C) kelps - large brown algae 
D) benthic environment - mud or sand

Question 16

What is bycatch

Accepted Answer

A) Animals that are unintentionally caught by fishing vessels. 
B) Animals that die as a result of oil spills. 
C) Animals that captured for use in aquaculture operations. 
D) Fish that are caught but die before reaching markets or processing plants. 
A) Animals that are unintentionally caught by fishing vessels. 
B) Animals that die as a result of oil spills. 
C) Animals that captured for use in aquaculture operations. 
D) Fish that are caught but die before reaching markets or processing plants.

Question 17

Developing nations produce much more seafood by aquaculture than developed nations because:

Accepted Answer

A) They have more access to suitable warm water marine ecosystems with coastal upwellings that are best suited to aquaculture. 
B) the breeding cycles of the fish are in keeping with the seasons in these regions. 
C) the type of fish that can be raised in aquaculture are more suited to their diets. 
D) they have abundant cheap labor as aquaculture is labor intensive. 
A) They have more access to suitable warm water marine ecosystems with coastal upwellings that are best suited to aquaculture. 
B) the breeding cycles of the fish are in keeping with the seasons in these regions. 
C) the type of fish that can be raised in aquaculture are more suited to their diets. 
D) they have abundant cheap labor as aquaculture is labor intensive.

Question 18

Why do many people consider the open ocean to be an example of a commons

Accepted Answer

A) It is because many different populations of fish congregate in the open ocean. 
B) It is because no one owns the oceans,the fisheries are international. 
C) It is because the open ocean is an excellent region for aquaculture. 
D) It is because there is a very high biodiversity in the open ocean. 
A) It is because many different populations of fish congregate in the open ocean. 
B) It is because no one owns the oceans,the fisheries are international. 
C) It is because the open ocean is an excellent region for aquaculture. 
D) It is because there is a very high biodiversity in the open ocean.

Question 19

According to the World Resources Institute,where does the majority (80% or so)of global ocean pollution come from

Accepted Answer

A) Offshore mining and drilling activities. 
B) Accidental oil spills. 
C) Deliberate dumping of litter in the ocean. 
D) Human activities on land that runoff into ocean ecosystems. 
A) Offshore mining and drilling activities. 
B) Accidental oil spills. 
C) Deliberate dumping of litter in the ocean. 
D) Human activities on land that runoff into ocean ecosystems.

Question 20

What is the Coriolis effect
 What role,if any,does the Coriolis effect have in determining ocean circulation patterns

Accepted Answer

The Coriolis effect is the influence of

El Niño-Southern Oscillation events:

Why are coral reefs limited to shallow water

What unique problem is related to photodegradation of plastics

Where in the US is the largest protected marine area

The Ocean Dumping Ban Act was passed by Congress mainly to control which of the following activities

A major problem the US has in managing its oceans occurs because of which of the following

What animals are the main consumers of kelp fronds and sea grass

Which of the following statements about the U.N.Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)is FALSE

At least 87% of the world's fish stocks are considered over- exploited,fully exploited or depleted.The reason fisheries have experienced such pressure is because:

Which of the following statements about kelp forests is TRUE

How might global warming lead to lower temperatures in Europe

Tiny aquatic organisms that drift with ocean currents and waves and form the base of the food chain in the neritic province are called:

Which of the following statements does NOT apply to offshore extraction of manganese nodules from the ocean floor

Organic debris that drifts down from the upper,lighted regions of the oceanic province,and is the base of food chains for organisms of the deep ocean is called:

Which of the following pairs regarding the benthic zone is incorrect

What is bycatch

Developing nations produce much more seafood by aquaculture than developed nations because:

Why do many people consider the open ocean to be an example of a commons

According to the World Resources Institute,where does the majority (80% or so)of global ocean pollution come from

What is the Coriolis effect What role,if any,does the Coriolis effect have in determining ocean circulation patterns

The Environmental Challenges We Face

Sustainability and Human Values

Environmental History, Politics, and Economics

Risk Analysis and Environmental Health Hazards

How Ecosystems Work

Ecosystems and Evolution

Human Population Change and the Environment

Air and Air Pollution

Global Atmospheric Changes

Freshwater Resources and Water Pollution

Mineral and Soil Resources

Land Resources

Agriculture and Food Resources

Biodiversity and Conservation

Solid and Hazardous Waste

Nonrenewable Energy Resources

Renewable Energy Resources

Filters

Exam 11: The Ocean and Fisheries

El Niño-Southern Oscillation events:

Why are coral reefs limited to shallow water

What unique problem is related to photodegradation of plastics

Where in the US is the largest protected marine area

The Ocean Dumping Ban Act was passed by Congress mainly to control which of the following activities

A major problem the US has in managing its oceans occurs because of which of the following

What animals are the main consumers of kelp fronds and sea grass

Which of the following statements about the U.N.Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)is FALSE

At least 87% of the world's fish stocks are considered over- exploited,fully exploited or depleted.The reason fisheries have experienced such pressure is because:

Which of the following statements about kelp forests is TRUE

How might global warming lead to lower temperatures in Europe

Tiny aquatic organisms that drift with ocean currents and waves and form the base of the food chain in the neritic province are called:

Which of the following statements does NOT apply to offshore extraction of manganese nodules from the ocean floor

Organic debris that drifts down from the upper,lighted regions of the oceanic province,and is the base of food chains for organisms of the deep ocean is called:

Which of the following pairs regarding the benthic zone is incorrect

What is bycatch

Developing nations produce much more seafood by aquaculture than developed nations because:

Why do many people consider the open ocean to be an example of a commons

According to the World Resources Institute,where does the majority (80% or so)of global ocean pollution come from

What is the Coriolis effect What role,if any,does the Coriolis effect have in determining ocean circulation patterns

The Environmental Challenges We Face

Sustainability and Human Values

Environmental History, Politics, and Economics

Risk Analysis and Environmental Health Hazards

How Ecosystems Work

Ecosystems and Evolution

Human Population Change and the Environment

Air and Air Pollution

Global Atmospheric Changes

Freshwater Resources and Water Pollution

Mineral and Soil Resources

Land Resources

Agriculture and Food Resources

Biodiversity and Conservation

Solid and Hazardous Waste

Nonrenewable Energy Resources

Renewable Energy Resources

Filters