Question 1

Which regions of the brain are most susceptible to the effects of aging?

Accepted Answer

A) Frontal and temporal regions 
B) Cerebellum 
C) Parietal lobe 
D) Occipital lobe 
A) Frontal and temporal regions 
B) Cerebellum 
C) Parietal lobe 
D) Occipital lobe A

Question 2

During infancy there is a massive proliferation of new neural connections.This development process is called:

Accepted Answer

A) Neurulation 
B) Neurogenesis 
C) Synaptogenesis 
D) Myelination 
A) Neurulation 
B) Neurogenesis 
C) Synaptogenesis 
D) Myelination C

Question 3

Down syndrome is caused by three chromosomes in which pair?

Accepted Answer

A) 12 
B) 20 
C) 21 
D) 23 
A) 12 
B) 20 
C) 21 
D) 23 C

Question 4

What pattern best describes the pattern of synaptic development during childhood?

Accepted Answer

A) Synapses begin to form after birth and increase with each year of development 
B) Synapses are overproduced during gestation, and are pruned back following birth 
C) Synaptic proliferation proceeds at a similar pace across all brain regions 
D) Synaptogenesis is following by pruning in a regionally specific manner 
A) Synapses begin to form after birth and increase with each year of development 
B) Synapses are overproduced during gestation, and are pruned back following birth 
C) Synaptic proliferation proceeds at a similar pace across all brain regions 
D) Synaptogenesis is following by pruning in a regionally specific manner

Question 5

In which areas does synaptogenesis occur most rapidly?

Accepted Answer

A) Primary sensor and motor areas 
B) Prefrontal cortex 
C) Association areas 
D) Brainstem and cerebellum 
A) Primary sensor and motor areas 
B) Prefrontal cortex 
C) Association areas 
D) Brainstem and cerebellum

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of cross-modal plasticity:

Accepted Answer

A) Areas in the motor cortex being reorganized after paralysis 
B) The visual cortex being recruited during Braille reading in someone with congenital blindness 
C) Phantom limb sensation after amputation 
D) Network relearning after stroke to regain speech and cognitive functions 
A) Areas in the motor cortex being reorganized after paralysis 
B) The visual cortex being recruited during Braille reading in someone with congenital blindness 
C) Phantom limb sensation after amputation 
D) Network relearning after stroke to regain speech and cognitive functions

Question 7

Which neurodevelopmental disorder is associated with increased cortical thickness in early life, slower rates myelination, and repetitive behaviors during play?

Accepted Answer

A) Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder 
B) Fragile X syndrome 
C) Autism 
D) Down syndrome 
A) Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder 
B) Fragile X syndrome 
C) Autism 
D) Down syndrome

Question 8

Based on what we know on sensitive periods in development, which of the following is true:

Accepted Answer

A) Sensitive period disruptions from deprivation can be fully reversed 
B) Only sensorimotor development is adversely affected by sensitive period disruptions 
C) Social isolation during sensitive periods can cause alterations in white matter volume 
D) Children with language deficits during sensitive periods spontaneously recover in their abilities in adulthood 
A) Sensitive period disruptions from deprivation can be fully reversed 
B) Only sensorimotor development is adversely affected by sensitive period disruptions 
C) Social isolation during sensitive periods can cause alterations in white matter volume 
D) Children with language deficits during sensitive periods spontaneously recover in their abilities in adulthood

Question 9

Research on the cognitive and neural changes of aging has revealed which of the following:

Accepted Answer

A) Crystallized intelligence decreases 
B) Memory ability declines 
C) Negative biases increase 
D) Emotion regulation increases 
A) Crystallized intelligence decreases 
B) Memory ability declines 
C) Negative biases increase 
D) Emotion regulation increases

Question 10

What does the Kennard principle suggest about recovery of function after brain injury in children and adults?

Accepted Answer

A) Recovery in adults is superior to children. 
B) Recovery in children is superior to adults. 
C) Recovery in children and adults does not differ. 
D) Recovery of function in children protects later-developing functions more than earlier-developing ones. 
A) Recovery in adults is superior to children. 
B) Recovery in children is superior to adults. 
C) Recovery in children and adults does not differ. 
D) Recovery of function in children protects later-developing functions more than earlier-developing ones.

Question 11

Which region do functional imaging studies implicate in dyslexia?

Accepted Answer

A) Basal ganglia 
B) Perisylvian regions 
C) Prefrontal regions 
D) Anterior cingulate 
A) Basal ganglia 
B) Perisylvian regions 
C) Prefrontal regions 
D) Anterior cingulate

Question 12

What syndrome do the following facial features indicate: long, narrow face; a long, prominent chin; and large ears?

Accepted Answer

A) Down syndrome 
B) Rubella infection 
C) Fragile X syndrome 
D) Fetal alcohol syndrome 
A) Down syndrome 
B) Rubella infection 
C) Fragile X syndrome 
D) Fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 13

What disorder is characterized by a profound lack of desire to interact emotionally or socially with other people?

Accepted Answer

A) Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADH
D)  
B) Dyslexia 
C) Autism 
D) Down syndrome 
A) Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADH
D)  
B) Dyslexia 
C) Autism 
D) Down syndrome

Question 14

Synaptic blooming and pruning is an important part of development.Research has shown that children who have early increased cortical thickening and faster subsequent cortical thinning showed the following:

Accepted Answer

A) Dyslexia 
B) Higher IQ 
C) Language delays 
D) Sensory sensitivities 
A) Dyslexia 
B) Higher IQ 
C) Language delays 
D) Sensory sensitivities

Question 15

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is characterized by delay aversion and is related to which of the following neural patterns:

Accepted Answer

A) Hyperactivation of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during working memory tasks 
B) Oppositional activation of the anterior and posterior frontal regions during attention tasks 
C) Increased functional connectivity across frontal and limbic areas during control tasks 
D) Hypoactivation of the basal ganglia in anticipation of rewards 
A) Hyperactivation of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during working memory tasks 
B) Oppositional activation of the anterior and posterior frontal regions during attention tasks 
C) Increased functional connectivity across frontal and limbic areas during control tasks 
D) Hypoactivation of the basal ganglia in anticipation of rewards

Question 16

Studies on reading ability and neural development have found which of the following:

Accepted Answer

A) Greater reading ability was related to more local co-activations 
B) Greater reading ability was related to increased gray matter volume 
C) Greater reading ability was related to less long-distance co-activations 
D) Greater reading ability was related to increased white matter volume 
A) Greater reading ability was related to more local co-activations 
B) Greater reading ability was related to increased gray matter volume 
C) Greater reading ability was related to less long-distance co-activations 
D) Greater reading ability was related to increased white matter volume

Question 17

Risky decision-making in adolescence is believed to result from which of the following aspects of neural development:

Accepted Answer

A) Underdeveloped working memory abilities 
B) Inability to inhibit distracting information 
C) Increased striatal activations and decreased lateral prefrontal activation 
D) Decreased reward processing 
A) Underdeveloped working memory abilities 
B) Inability to inhibit distracting information 
C) Increased striatal activations and decreased lateral prefrontal activation 
D) Decreased reward processing

Question 18

After brain damage, cell death may extend past the area of damage; this process is called:

Accepted Answer

A) Transneuronal degeneration 
B) Necrosis 
C) Gliosis 
D) Edema 
A) Transneuronal degeneration 
B) Necrosis 
C) Gliosis 
D) Edema

Question 19

The main difference between experience-expectant and experience-dependent systems is:

Accepted Answer

A) Experience-expectant systems require input during sensitive periods to develop normally 
B) Experience-expectant systems vary between individuals 
C) Experience-dependent systems require input during sensitive periods to develop normally 
D) Experience-dependent systems are similar between individuals 
A) Experience-expectant systems require input during sensitive periods to develop normally 
B) Experience-expectant systems vary between individuals 
C) Experience-dependent systems require input during sensitive periods to develop normally 
D) Experience-dependent systems are similar between individuals

Question 20

What process following brain damage often accompanies transneuronal degeneration and can be easily detected by brain imaging techniques?

Accepted Answer

A) Necrosis 
B) Calcification 
C) Phagocytosis 
D) Angiogenesis 
A) Necrosis 
B) Calcification 
C) Phagocytosis 
D) Angiogenesis

Which regions of the brain are most susceptible to the effects of aging?

During infancy there is a massive proliferation of new neural connections.This development process is called:

Down syndrome is caused by three chromosomes in which pair?

What pattern best describes the pattern of synaptic development during childhood?

In which areas does synaptogenesis occur most rapidly?

Which of the following is an example of cross-modal plasticity:

Which neurodevelopmental disorder is associated with increased cortical thickness in early life, slower rates myelination, and repetitive behaviors during play?

Based on what we know on sensitive periods in development, which of the following is true:

Research on the cognitive and neural changes of aging has revealed which of the following:

What does the Kennard principle suggest about recovery of function after brain injury in children and adults?

Which region do functional imaging studies implicate in dyslexia?

What syndrome do the following facial features indicate: long, narrow face; a long, prominent chin; and large ears?

What disorder is characterized by a profound lack of desire to interact emotionally or socially with other people?

Synaptic blooming and pruning is an important part of development.Research has shown that children who have early increased cortical thickening and faster subsequent cortical thinning showed the following:

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is characterized by delay aversion and is related to which of the following neural patterns:

Studies on reading ability and neural development have found which of the following:

Risky decision-making in adolescence is believed to result from which of the following aspects of neural development:

After brain damage, cell death may extend past the area of damage; this process is called:

The main difference between experience-expectant and experience-dependent systems is:

What process following brain damage often accompanies transneuronal degeneration and can be easily detected by brain imaging techniques?

Introduction to the Nervous System

Historical Perspectives

Methods

Motor Control

Sensation and Perception

Object Recognition

Spatial Cognition

Language

Memory and Learning

Attention

Executive Function and Higher-Order Thinking

Emotion

Social Cognition

Psychopathology

Generalized Cognitive Disorders

Cognitive Neuroscience and Society

Filters

Exam 15: Brain Development and Plasticity

Which regions of the brain are most susceptible to the effects of aging?

During infancy there is a massive proliferation of new neural connections.This development process is called:

Down syndrome is caused by three chromosomes in which pair?

What pattern best describes the pattern of synaptic development during childhood?

In which areas does synaptogenesis occur most rapidly?

Which of the following is an example of cross-modal plasticity:

Which neurodevelopmental disorder is associated with increased cortical thickness in early life, slower rates myelination, and repetitive behaviors during play?

Based on what we know on sensitive periods in development, which of the following is true:

Research on the cognitive and neural changes of aging has revealed which of the following:

What does the Kennard principle suggest about recovery of function after brain injury in children and adults?

Which region do functional imaging studies implicate in dyslexia?

What syndrome do the following facial features indicate: long, narrow face; a long, prominent chin; and large ears?

What disorder is characterized by a profound lack of desire to interact emotionally or socially with other people?

Synaptic blooming and pruning is an important part of development.Research has shown that children who have early increased cortical thickening and faster subsequent cortical thinning showed the following:

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is characterized by delay aversion and is related to which of the following neural patterns:

Studies on reading ability and neural development have found which of the following:

Risky decision-making in adolescence is believed to result from which of the following aspects of neural development:

After brain damage, cell death may extend past the area of damage; this process is called:

The main difference between experience-expectant and experience-dependent systems is:

What process following brain damage often accompanies transneuronal degeneration and can be easily detected by brain imaging techniques?

Introduction to the Nervous System

Historical Perspectives

Methods

Motor Control

Sensation and Perception

Object Recognition

Spatial Cognition

Language

Memory and Learning

Attention

Executive Function and Higher-Order Thinking

Emotion

Social Cognition

Psychopathology

Generalized Cognitive Disorders

Cognitive Neuroscience and Society

Filters