Question 1

Recent research and increased understanding about the role of neurotransmitters in psychopathology point out that

Accepted Answer

A) each psychological disorder is caused by a deficit in a specific neurotransmitter. 
B) chemical imbalances of the brain are the cause of psychopathology. 
C) simple cause/effect conclusions stating that an individual neurotransmitter abnormality causes a disorder are incomplete. 
D) neurotransmitters have very little to do with psychopathology for most individuals, but may be the single cause of disorders for others. 
A) each psychological disorder is caused by a deficit in a specific neurotransmitter. 
B) chemical imbalances of the brain are the cause of psychopathology. 
C) simple cause/effect conclusions stating that an individual neurotransmitter abnormality causes a disorder are incomplete. 
D) neurotransmitters have very little to do with psychopathology for most individuals, but may be the single cause of disorders for others.

Question 2

The major function of the peripheral nervous system is to

Accepted Answer

A) carry messages to and from the central nervous system. 
B) process information received from the central nervous system. 
C) regulate arousal. 
D) control hormonal activity. 
A) carry messages to and from the central nervous system. 
B) process information received from the central nervous system. 
C) regulate arousal. 
D) control hormonal activity.

Question 3

The neurotransmitter associated with both schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease is

Accepted Answer

A) GABA. 
B) noradrenaline. 
C) dopamine. 
D) serotonin. 
A) GABA. 
B) noradrenaline. 
C) dopamine. 
D) serotonin.

Question 4

Drugs that decrease the activity of a neurotransmitter are called

Accepted Answer

A) agonists. 
B) blockers. 
C) reuptake inhibitors. 
D) antagonists. 
A) agonists. 
B) blockers. 
C) reuptake inhibitors. 
D) antagonists.

Question 5

Raeesa learnt to fear snakes after seeing one for the first time at the zoo.However, it took many exposures to the sound of tapping dancing shoes before she learnt to fear that sound.The concept that would explain the fact that we learn to fear some objects more easily than others is

Accepted Answer

A) prepared learning. 
B) learnt helplessness. 
C) observational learning. 
D) reciprocal determinism. 
A) prepared learning. 
B) learnt helplessness. 
C) observational learning. 
D) reciprocal determinism.

Question 6

Describe the diathesis-stress model.Use it to explain how one identical twin suffers from clinical depression while the other does not.

Accepted Answer

This model argues that a diathesis is a

Question 7

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Glial cells are passive cells that serve to connect and insulate neurones. 
B) There are fewer glial cells than there are neurones. 
C) There are different types of glial cells with several specific functions. 
D) Glial cells slow down the process of neural communication. 
A) Glial cells are passive cells that serve to connect and insulate neurones. 
B) There are fewer glial cells than there are neurones. 
C) There are different types of glial cells with several specific functions. 
D) Glial cells slow down the process of neural communication.

Question 8

Anxious males tend to have a higher rate of alcoholism than females.One likely explanation for this difference is that men are

Accepted Answer

A) more likely to use alcohol to deal with anxiety than to admit they are afraid. 
B) less likely to be fearful of becoming alcoholic. 
C) exposed to alcohol more often than women are. 
D) more likely to see alcohol as a good long-term solution to problems such as anxiety. 
A) more likely to use alcohol to deal with anxiety than to admit they are afraid. 
B) less likely to be fearful of becoming alcoholic. 
C) exposed to alcohol more often than women are. 
D) more likely to see alcohol as a good long-term solution to problems such as anxiety.

Question 9

In an experiment by Kolb, Gibb and Gorny (2003), animals of varying ages were placed in complex environments. Their findings suggest that

Accepted Answer

A) the impact of the environment on the brain is different at varying stages of life. 
B) the impact of the environment on the brain is significant but uniform throughout the lifespan. 
C) environments that are beneficial to the aged may be harmful to the young. 
D) the environment has little effect on the brain throughout the lifespan. 
A) the impact of the environment on the brain is different at varying stages of life. 
B) the impact of the environment on the brain is significant but uniform throughout the lifespan. 
C) environments that are beneficial to the aged may be harmful to the young. 
D) the environment has little effect on the brain throughout the lifespan.

Question 10

Cognitive-behaviour therapy facilitates changes in thinking patterns in the cortex, which in turn affects the emotional brain.This is called

Accepted Answer

A) confabulation. 
B) consolidation. 
C) a 'top down' change. 
D) a 'bottom up' change. 
A) confabulation. 
B) consolidation. 
C) a 'top down' change. 
D) a 'bottom up' change.

Question 11

The central nervous system is made up of the

Accepted Answer

A) brain and spinal cord. 
B) brain only. 
C) spinal cord only. 
D) nerves leading to and from the brain. 
A) brain and spinal cord. 
B) brain only. 
C) spinal cord only. 
D) nerves leading to and from the brain.

Question 12

According to recent estimates, genetic contributions to the development of most psychological disorders are

Accepted Answer

A) below 50%. 
B) above 50%. 
C) different for each disorder (estimates range from 0-100%). 
D) non-existent. 
A) below 50%. 
B) above 50%. 
C) different for each disorder (estimates range from 0-100%). 
D) non-existent.

Question 13

Cross-fostering studies indicate that the environmental effects of early parenting

Accepted Answer

A) had no effect on any genetic contribution to be reactive to stress. 
B) seem to override any genetic contribution to be reactive to stress. 
C) had no effect on future generations in the expression of personality traits or temperament. 
D) had random effects on any genetic contribution to be reactive to stress. 
A) had no effect on any genetic contribution to be reactive to stress. 
B) seem to override any genetic contribution to be reactive to stress. 
C) had no effect on future generations in the expression of personality traits or temperament. 
D) had random effects on any genetic contribution to be reactive to stress.

Question 14

In a recent study (Petrovic, Kalso, Peterson & Ingvar, 2002), subjects were exposed to a painful stimulus (heat to the hand) under three conditions: opiate medication, placebo (sugar pill) medication and no medication.Brain scans indicated that a subject's experience of reduced pain with the placebo is due to

Accepted Answer

A) activation of brain regions identical to those activated by opiate medication. 
B) activation of brain regions that are overlapping, but not identical, to those activated by opiate medication. 
C) psychological expectation, since a placebo does not activate brain regions associated with pain control. 
D) similarities in activated brain regions during the 'no medication' condition. 
A) activation of brain regions identical to those activated by opiate medication. 
B) activation of brain regions that are overlapping, but not identical, to those activated by opiate medication. 
C) psychological expectation, since a placebo does not activate brain regions associated with pain control. 
D) similarities in activated brain regions during the 'no medication' condition.

Question 15

Recent evidence regarding the genetic influence on most psychological disorders has shown that

Accepted Answer

A) single genes are usually responsible for psychological disorders. 
B) genes that influence psychopathology are usually recessive. 
C) there is no evidence that genes influence psychopathology. 
D) multiple genes interact, with each gene contributing a small effect. 
A) single genes are usually responsible for psychological disorders. 
B) genes that influence psychopathology are usually recessive. 
C) there is no evidence that genes influence psychopathology. 
D) multiple genes interact, with each gene contributing a small effect.

Question 16

According to the diathesis-stress model, monozygotic twins raised in the same household will

Accepted Answer

A) not necessarily have the same disorders because of potential differences in their diathesis. 
B) have the same disorders because their diathesis and stress are exactly the same. 
C) not necessarily have the same disorders because of potential differences in their stress. 
D) have no more likelihood of sharing a disorder than any other two randomly selected individuals from the population. 
A) not necessarily have the same disorders because of potential differences in their diathesis. 
B) have the same disorders because their diathesis and stress are exactly the same. 
C) not necessarily have the same disorders because of potential differences in their stress. 
D) have no more likelihood of sharing a disorder than any other two randomly selected individuals from the population.

Question 17

The relationship between emotion and health is demonstrated by the fact that

Accepted Answer

A) panic is related to poor concentration. 
B) people with chronic diseases are often angry about their care. 
C) those in poor physical health almost always develop psychological disorders. 
D) hostility and anger increase one's risk of heart disease. 
A) panic is related to poor concentration. 
B) people with chronic diseases are often angry about their care. 
C) those in poor physical health almost always develop psychological disorders. 
D) hostility and anger increase one's risk of heart disease.

Question 18

John has inherited a personality trait that makes him more likely to keep to himself than to socialise.As a result, he does not have many friends and spends a lot of time alone.If John were to develop depression, the model that would probably best explain this situation and the cause of his depression is

Accepted Answer

A) diathesis-stress. 
B) biological. 
C) reciprocal gene-environment. 
D) interpersonal. 
A) diathesis-stress. 
B) biological. 
C) reciprocal gene-environment. 
D) interpersonal.

Question 19

Neurotransmitters are important because they

Accepted Answer

A) allow neurones to send signals to other neurones. 
B) maintain the oxygenation of the brain. 
C) prevent the development of psychopathology. 
D) allow the brain to maintain its structural integrity. 
A) allow neurones to send signals to other neurones. 
B) maintain the oxygenation of the brain. 
C) prevent the development of psychopathology. 
D) allow the brain to maintain its structural integrity.

Question 20

The brain and the spinal cord comprise the

Accepted Answer

A) peripheral nervous system. 
B) somatic nervous system. 
C) parasympathetic nervous system. 
D) central nervous system. 
A) peripheral nervous system. 
B) somatic nervous system. 
C) parasympathetic nervous system. 
D) central nervous system.

Recent research and increased understanding about the role of neurotransmitters in psychopathology point out that

The major function of the peripheral nervous system is to

The neurotransmitter associated with both schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease is

Drugs that decrease the activity of a neurotransmitter are called

Raeesa learnt to fear snakes after seeing one for the first time at the zoo.However, it took many exposures to the sound of tapping dancing shoes before she learnt to fear that sound.The concept that would explain the fact that we learn to fear some objects more easily than others is

Describe the diathesis-stress model.Use it to explain how one identical twin suffers from clinical depression while the other does not.

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Anxious males tend to have a higher rate of alcoholism than females.One likely explanation for this difference is that men are

In an experiment by Kolb, Gibb and Gorny (2003), animals of varying ages were placed in complex environments. Their findings suggest that

Cognitive-behaviour therapy facilitates changes in thinking patterns in the cortex, which in turn affects the emotional brain.This is called

The central nervous system is made up of the

According to recent estimates, genetic contributions to the development of most psychological disorders are

Cross-fostering studies indicate that the environmental effects of early parenting

Recent evidence regarding the genetic influence on most psychological disorders has shown that

According to the diathesis-stress model, monozygotic twins raised in the same household will

The relationship between emotion and health is demonstrated by the fact that

Neurotransmitters are important because they

The brain and the spinal cord comprise the

Abnormal Behaviour in Historical Context

Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis

Research Methods

Anxiety, Trauma and Stressor-Related, and Obsessive-Compulsive

Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders and Dissociative Disorders

Mood Disorders and Suicide

Eating and Sleep-Wake Disorders

Physical Disorders and Health Psychology Physical Disorders and Health Psychology

Sexual Dysfunctions, Paraphilic Disorders and Gender Dysphoria

Substance-Related, Addictive and Impulse-Control Disorders

Personality Disorders

Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Neurocognitive Disorders

Mental Health Services

Positive Psychology Approach

Filters

Exam 2: An Integrative Approach to Psychopathology

Recent research and increased understanding about the role of neurotransmitters in psychopathology point out that

The major function of the peripheral nervous system is to

The neurotransmitter associated with both schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease is

Drugs that decrease the activity of a neurotransmitter are called

Raeesa learnt to fear snakes after seeing one for the first time at the zoo.However, it took many exposures to the sound of tapping dancing shoes before she learnt to fear that sound.The concept that would explain the fact that we learn to fear some objects more easily than others is

Describe the diathesis-stress model.Use it to explain how one identical twin suffers from clinical depression while the other does not.

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Anxious males tend to have a higher rate of alcoholism than females.One likely explanation for this difference is that men are

In an experiment by Kolb, Gibb and Gorny (2003), animals of varying ages were placed in complex environments. Their findings suggest that

Cognitive-behaviour therapy facilitates changes in thinking patterns in the cortex, which in turn affects the emotional brain.This is called

The central nervous system is made up of the

According to recent estimates, genetic contributions to the development of most psychological disorders are

Cross-fostering studies indicate that the environmental effects of early parenting

Recent evidence regarding the genetic influence on most psychological disorders has shown that

According to the diathesis-stress model, monozygotic twins raised in the same household will

The relationship between emotion and health is demonstrated by the fact that

Neurotransmitters are important because they

The brain and the spinal cord comprise the

Abnormal Behaviour in Historical Context

Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis

Research Methods

Anxiety, Trauma and Stressor-Related, and Obsessive-Compulsive

Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders and Dissociative Disorders

Mood Disorders and Suicide

Eating and Sleep-Wake Disorders

Physical Disorders and Health Psychology Physical Disorders and Health Psychology

Sexual Dysfunctions, Paraphilic Disorders and Gender Dysphoria

Substance-Related, Addictive and Impulse-Control Disorders

Personality Disorders

Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Neurocognitive Disorders

Mental Health Services

Positive Psychology Approach

Filters