Exam 13: Processes of Evolution

​The movement of alleles among populations is called _____.

​The emergence of hundreds of Hawaiian honeycreeper species from a single flock introduced to this island archipelago millions of years ago is an example of ____.

​A random change in allele frequency over time that is brought about by chance alone is known as ____.

The increased variability in the frequency of the b+ allele in the smaller flour beetle population in the given graph is an example of ____.

​In Cameroon, seedcrackers have either small bills (adapted for feeding on soft sedge seeds) or large bills (adapted for feeding on hard sedge seeds). During competition for scarce resources, these birds primarily feed on the seeds for which they are best adapted. This is an example of ____ selection.

​Match the evolutionary concepts correctly with the correct description or example. Some choices may be used more than once. -​A change in allele frequencies in a population that does not result from adaptation or natural selection. A)​reproductive isolation B)​sexual selection C)​directional selection D)​disruptive selection E)​genetic drift F)founder effect​ G)​gene flow H)​stabilizing selection

Fatter sociable weaver birds spend more time foraging where they are vulnerable to predation, are more attractive to predators, and are less likely to escape an attack. Conversely, thin birds risk starvation. Therefore, sociable weaver of an intermediate weight has a selective advantage. This is an example of ____ selection.

A female horse can mate with a male donkey, but they will produce a mule that is sterile. This is an example of what type of isolation mechanism?

​In the work that they do, scientists who study phylogeny are most like a ____.

The branch points on a cladogram represent ____.

Which is an example of macroevolution?

​Natural selection in the cichlid fish species of Lake Victoria occurred via ____.

​____ increases the frequency of adaptive mutations in a population over time.

​Puppies born too large experience difficulties during birthing and tend to have respiratory and other problems. Puppies born too small often can't compete with their siblings for their mother's milk. Thus, puppies of intermediate size have a survival advantage. This is an example of ____ selection.

An allele's abundance within a population is referred to as ____ frequency.

​Phylogeny is most analogous to a ____.

​The fastest lions are able to catch prey, such as zebras; similarly, the fastest zebras are able to escape predatory lions. Over time, the lion and zebra populations become composed of faster and faster individuals. This is an example of ____.

A cladogram can be viewed as "sets within sets" of derived traits. Which features distinguish the clade containing mice and humans from the other clades in this cladogram?

For each statement, select the best choice that represents the description given. -​a quantifiable, heritable characteristic A)character B)clade C)cladistics D)microevolution E)dimorphism F)phylogeny G)balanced polymorphism H)cladogram I)fixed allele

Match the evolutionary concepts correctly with the correct description or example. Some choices may be used more than once. -Animals that have too few offspring risk that all of them will be lost to predators, and therefore, their genes will not be passed onto the next generation. Animals with too many offspring may not be able to take care of all of them. Therefore, most animals have an intermediate number of offspring. A)reproductive isolation B)sexual selection C)directional selection D)disruptive selection E)genetic drift F)founder effect G)gene flow H)stabilizing selection