Exam 13: Processes of Evolution

​Alligators more closely resemble lizards than birds; however, alligators and birds have four-chambered hearts, which lizards do not have. In this example, the four-chambered heart is a ____, which indicates that alligators are ____ related to birds than to lizards.

​Overhunting of species, such as tigers, reduces their numbers and their genetic diversity. This is an example of _____.

Peahens prefer to mate with peacocks that have the brightest and largest tail displays. The peacock's tail is a disadvantage to the males, because it is large and cumbersome and hinders them from escaping from predators. Given these facts, why isn't the peacock's tail selected against by natural selection?

​What is one result of the bottleneck effect?

Match the evolutionary concepts correctly with the correct description or example. Some choices may be used more than once. -Homozygous dominant black mice are camouflaged by dark rocks, and homozygous recessive light-colored mice are camouflaged by light-colored rocks. Heterozygous grey mice have no camouflage and are easily picked off and eaten by hawks. A)reproductive isolation B)sexual selection C)directional selection D)disruptive selection E)genetic drift F)founder effect G)gene flow H)stabilizing selection

​____ selection occurs when individuals choose mates with a particular desirable trait.

​With the extinction of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago, multiple niches that the dinosaurs once filled opened up and allowed mammals the opportunity to evolve and exploit those niches. This is an example of ____.

​What is the best definition of a population?

​The migratory patterns of many animals encourage ____.

​Exposure of wild rat populations to warfarin led to the evolution of warfarin-resistant rats. These rats had a mutated version of the VKORC1 gene, indicating that ____ had occurred in these resistant rat populations.

​One hallmark of speciation is ____.

​Any change in allele frequencies in a gene pool is called ____.

​In sexually reproducing species, genetic variations are not passed onto offspring via ____.

​The preference of female cichlid fish for brightly colored blue or red males in Lake Victoria provides an example of ____.

​In a population of rabbits, those able to outrun predators will survive to reproduce, eventually leading to a population of faster rabbits. This is an example of ____ selection.

​Heterozygotes for the sickle cell trait have an adaptive advantage in areas where malaria is prevalent. This is an example of ____.

For each statement, select the best choice that represents the description given. -illustrated by the persistence of the sickle-cell allele in areas with high rates of malaria A)character B)clade C)cladistics D)microevolution E)dimorphism F)phylogeny G)balanced polymorphism H)cladogram I)fixed allele

​A group of organisms sharing a derived trait is known as a ____.

​The appearance of lungs was a(n) ____ that drove the evolution of land vertebrates.