Exam 2: Measuring and Explaining Crime

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Which theory suggests that certain biological or psychological traits in individuals could incline them toward criminal behavior given a certain set of circumstances?

(Multiple Choice)
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_______________describes an illegal act or series of acts committed by an individual or business entity using some nonviolent means to obtain a personal or business advantage.

(Short Answer)
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______________are researchers who study the causes of crime.

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A theory is:

(Multiple Choice)
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According to________ , crime occurs when three factors are present: a likely offender, a suitable target, and the absence of a capable guardian.

(Multiple Choice)
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According to _______, social bonds promote conformity to social norms.

(Multiple Choice)
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A_________ is an explanation of a happening or circumstance that is based on observation, experimentation, and reasoning.

(Short Answer)
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Shaw and McKay studied high­crime neighborhoods and discovered that these "zones" were characterized by_______ or a breakdown in schools, families, and community groups.

(Multiple Choice)
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UCR crime rates are expressed per 10,000 people.

(True/False)
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This theory believes that criminals must be taught both the practical and emotional skills necessary to participate in illegal activity.

(Multiple Choice)
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The ______________refers to the actual amount of crime that takes place.

(Short Answer)
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_______is the act of taking property from another person through force, threat of force, or intimidation.

(Short Answer)
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List the reasons for the high victimization rates among persons with mental illnesses.

(Essay)
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One influential branch of psychology-________________________-focuses on human behavior in the context of how human beings relate to and influence one another.

(Multiple Choice)
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Sutherland's ________holds that individuals are exposed to the values of family and peers such as school friends or co-workers.

(Multiple Choice)
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Someone with low self-control is likely to solve problems with______ rather than his or her intellect.

(Short Answer)
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Victimology is a school of criminology that studies why certain people are the victims of crimes and the optimal role for victims in the criminal justice system.

(True/False)
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Assault and battery are the same crime.

(True/False)
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All life course theorists believe in the continuity theory of crime.

(True/False)
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Heroin is the most often used drug in the United States.

(True/False)
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