Exam 15: Social Work and Substance Use, Abuse, and Dependence

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Stimulants and depressants are two categories of drugs that have opposite effects on the central nervous system. Stimulants increase the activity of the brain and body, while depressants slow down the functioning of the brain and body. Below are lists of common drugs that are considered stimulants and those that are considered depressants:

Stimulants:
1. Amphetamines (e.g., Adderall, Dexedrine)
2. Methamphetamine (e.g., Desoxyn)
3. Cocaine
4. Methylphenidate (e.g., Ritalin, Concerta)
5. Modafinil (e.g., Provigil)
6. Caffeine (found in coffee, tea, some soft drinks, and over-the-counter medications)
7. Nicotine (found in tobacco products)
8. MDMA (Ecstasy/Molly)
9. Ephedrine and Pseudoephedrine (found in some cold medications)
10. Cathinones (e.g., Bath Salts)

Depressants:
1. Benzodiazepines (e.g., Valium, Xanax, Ativan, Klonopin)
2. Barbiturates (e.g., Phenobarbital, Seconal)
3. Alcohol
4. Opioids (e.g., Morphine, Heroin, Oxycodone, Hydrocodone)
5. Non-benzodiazepine sleep medications (e.g., Ambien, Lunesta)
6. Muscle relaxants (e.g., Soma, Flexeril)
7. Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB)
8. Antipsychotics (used as depressants in non-psychotic disorders, e.g., Quetiapine)
9. Antihistamines (some, such as Diphenhydramine, have sedative effects)
10. Inhalants (e.g., glue, paint thinners, nitrous oxide)

It's important to note that these drugs can have different effects depending on the dose, the individual's physiology, and whether they are used in combination with other substances. Additionally, many of these drugs have legitimate medical uses but can be misused or abused, leading to serious health consequences, addiction, or even death. Always use medications as prescribed by a healthcare professional and be aware of the potential for abuse and dependence with both stimulants and depressants.