Exam 2: Biological Foundations: Heredity, Prenatal Development, and Birth

Once a zygote implants itself in the uterine lining, it officially becomes a(n) ________.

Maternal stress is most likely to negatively impact a developing embryo/fetus when that stress is

If a dominant gene meets up with a recessive gene, the traits that are contained in the dominant gene will ultimately be expressed.

The concept that genotypes are not the only things that control traits involves the fact that

Maricella was born several days ago, and her pediatrician has observed that she has almond-shaped eyes and a fold over her eyelids. In addition, her head, neck, and nose are smaller than other babies of her birth weight. It is most likely that Maricella has an extra of the _____ pair of chromosomes.

The least invasive form of prenatal screening discussed in your textbook is the use of an ultrasound.

A child who is born at a weight of less than 100 grams would be referred to as having ________ birth weight.

When you learned to speak English, you may have learned the following saying: "When two vowels go walking, the first does the talking." If we were to apply this rule to heterozygous genes, we would be most accurate if we said, "When two genes go walking, the ________ one does the talking."

According to the weatherman on the local news, the outside temperature today will reach 102 degrees, with a possible heat index of 110 degrees. Thankfully for Quanetta, who is pregnant with her second child, the ________ will maintain a constant temperature for her unborn baby.

If a child experiences many birth complications, and later experiences different types of family adversity, she is at an increased risk for developing _________.

________ is the most important factor in preventing low birth weight babies, which in turn can reduce the number of infants who die prior to their first birthday.

List the three stages of prenatal development in the correct order, and note how long each stage lasts. Indicate the major event that indicates the beginning and end of each stage. Finally, discuss the major events that take place within each stage.

An embryo rests in a sac called the placenta, which is filled with amniotic fluid that cushions the embryo and maintains a constant temperature.

When a woman experiences higher levels of stress during pregnancy, are child may be prone to greater difficulties paying attention as infants and higher levels of behavioral problems in preschool.

Which maternal characteristic is most strongly associated with giving birth to a baby with Down syndrome?

If you were most interested in knowing the genotype of your unborn baby, perhaps to find out if there were specific genetic or chromosomal problems, which prenatal test would be most appropriate?

Larry and Ira are brothers who are two years apart in age. Larry went to one public school for his grade school years, but before Ira could go to that school the district underwent a rezoning. Ira, therefore, ended up going to a different school with less-qualified teachers and fewer resources. As a result, Larry tended to perform much better in school than Ira did. This example demonstrates the influence of

If you wanted to be very specific, you would say that a tiny cluster of cells at the center of a zygote, called the ________, is what eventually develops into the baby.

Although identical twins share 100% of their genetic code and are often similar, they are never truly "identical." Which of the following explains these differences?

Genetically, identical twins and fraternal twins share the same amount of genes. The enhanced similarities seen in identical twins are a result of environmental factors.