Question 1

The principal disadvantage of the descriptive/correlational research method is

Accepted Answer

A)  because of practical or ethical reasons they cannot be used to study some research questions. 
B)  since researchers cannot control variables of interest, conclusions concerning cause and effect relationships are not appropriate. 
C)  they do not allow the researcher to describe behaviour. 
D)  they frequently observe behaviour in artificial situations. 
A)  because of practical or ethical reasons they cannot be used to study some research questions. 
B)  since researchers cannot control variables of interest, conclusions concerning cause and effect relationships are not appropriate. 
C)  they do not allow the researcher to describe behaviour. 
D)  they frequently observe behaviour in artificial situations.

Question 2

The goals of the scientific enterprise in psychology are to describe, understand, predict and control behaviour.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

What is the mode of the following data? 2, 3, 3, 3, 5, 5, 7, 12

Accepted Answer

A)  3 
B)  4 
C)  5 
D)  6 
A)  3 
B)  4 
C)  5 
D)  6

Question 4

Lindelani has sent out a survey in which she is asking people to provide information about their attitudes on a number of sensitive subjects. When the surveys are returned Lindelani needs to be aware that the responses may be distorted due to

Accepted Answer

A)  placebo effects. 
B)  self-report biases. 
C)  statistical artifacts. 
D)  meta-analytic controls. 
A)  placebo effects. 
B)  self-report biases. 
C)  statistical artifacts. 
D)  meta-analytic controls.

Question 5

A(n) ____________________ is a research method in which the researcher manipulates a variable under carefully controlled conditions and measures whether any changes occur in a second variable.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A(n) ____________________ is a research method in...

Question 6

A researcher is conducting an experiment on the effect of alcohol consumption on reaction time and half of the subjects drink alcoholic drinks and half drink non-alcoholic versions of the same drinks. The subjects receiving the non-alcoholic drinks are the ____ group and are used in the study to minimise the influence of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  experimental; sampling bias 
B)  experimental; the placebo effect 
C)  control; sampling bias 
D)  control; the placebo effect 
A)  experimental; sampling bias 
B)  experimental; the placebo effect 
C)  control; sampling bias 
D)  control; the placebo effect

Question 7

A researcher who is conducting an opinion survey asks viewers who are watching a political debate to dial an 0-800 number and record their opinion to the "question of the day". In this case the researcher is likely to have

Accepted Answer

A)  a representative sample. 
B)  a random sample. 
C)  a biased sample. 
D)  a random population. 
A)  a representative sample. 
B)  a random sample. 
C)  a biased sample. 
D)  a random population.

Question 8

Experimenter bias occurs when

Accepted Answer

A)  experimenters explicitly instruct the subjects to behave in a way that will be consistent with the hypothesis. 
B)  experimenters desire to make a favorable impression on their subjects. 
C)  experimenters' beliefs in their own hypotheses affect either the subjects' behaviour or their observations of the subjects. 
D)  experimenters conduct their studies in a completely objective manner. 
A)  experimenters explicitly instruct the subjects to behave in a way that will be consistent with the hypothesis. 
B)  experimenters desire to make a favorable impression on their subjects. 
C)  experimenters' beliefs in their own hypotheses affect either the subjects' behaviour or their observations of the subjects. 
D)  experimenters conduct their studies in a completely objective manner.

Question 9

If two variables have a positive correlation, you would expect that ____ scores on one variable are generally associated with ____ scores on the second variable.

Accepted Answer

A)  low; low 
B)  low; high 
C)  middle; a wide variety of 
D)  high; low 
A)  low; low 
B)  low; high 
C)  middle; a wide variety of 
D)  high; low

Question 10

When variability in a data set is large, the standard deviation will be ____; when variability is small, the standard deviation will be ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  large; small 
B)  large; large 
C)  small; large 
D)  small; small 
A)  large; small 
B)  large; large 
C)  small; large 
D)  small; small

Question 11

Dr Meintjies is investigating the link between social support networks and grades in school. Students in her classes are required to complete survey forms related to this research. If a survey form is not completed by the end of the semester a student's grade is reduced by 10 points. In this case, some researchers might argue that Dr Meintjies's research violates the ethical principle of

Accepted Answer

A)  right to privacy. 
B)  full disclosure. 
C)  voluntary participation. 
D)  protection from harm. 
A)  right to privacy. 
B)  full disclosure. 
C)  voluntary participation. 
D)  protection from harm.

Question 12

Sampling bias is a problem because it

Accepted Answer

A)  limits the generality of the findings. 
B)  makes it impossible to use inferential statistics. 
C)  makes it difficult to avoid a confounding of variables. 
D)  makes the effect of the independent variable appear to be bigger than it really is. 
A)  limits the generality of the findings. 
B)  makes it impossible to use inferential statistics. 
C)  makes it difficult to avoid a confounding of variables. 
D)  makes the effect of the independent variable appear to be bigger than it really is.

Question 13

A standardised measure used to obtain a sample of a person's behaviour is called

Accepted Answer

A)  a psychological test. 
B)  a case study. 
C)  an experiment. 
D)  a survey. 
A)  a psychological test. 
B)  a case study. 
C)  an experiment. 
D)  a survey.

Question 14

The group of subjects selected for observation in an empirical study is known as the ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The group of subjects selected for observation...

Question 15

In experimental research, the variable that the researcher measures because it is thought to be affected by the manipulation of another variable is the

Accepted Answer

A)  extraneous variable. 
B)  dependent variable. 
C)  independent variable. 
D)  controlled variable. 
A)  extraneous variable. 
B)  dependent variable. 
C)  independent variable. 
D)  controlled variable.

Question 16

Individuals who think critically do not rely on anecdotal evidence because this type of evidence

Accepted Answer

A)  is too general and can be applied to too many unrelated situations. 
B)  is based on inferential statistical analysis, which is generally unreliable. 
C)  can be distorted by reporting biases. 
D)  involves only negative instances, and cannot be used to make an unbiased decision. 
A)  is too general and can be applied to too many unrelated situations. 
B)  is based on inferential statistical analysis, which is generally unreliable. 
C)  can be distorted by reporting biases. 
D)  involves only negative instances, and cannot be used to make an unbiased decision.

Question 17

A researcher is interested in examining whether relaxation techniques help decrease the perception of anxiety in subjects. The second step in this scientific investigation would be

Accepted Answer

A)  to design the study and select the research method. 
B)  to analyse the data. 
C)  to formulate a testable hypothesis. 
D)  to collect the data. 
A)  to design the study and select the research method. 
B)  to analyse the data. 
C)  to formulate a testable hypothesis. 
D)  to collect the data.

Question 18

Mthobeli took part in an experiment where she was told she would be required to sit alone in a darkened room for 30 minutes, after which she would be asked to complete a brief questionnaire about her future goals and plans. When she finished the questionnaire she was told the experiment was over. Mthobeli never really understood the purpose of the study, and she wasn't sure why she had to wait in the darkened room before filling out the short questionnaire. In this case, it would appear that the researchers who conducted the experiment

Accepted Answer

A)  did not use an adequate debriefing procedure. 
B)  failed to obtain informed consent. 
C)  violated Mthobeli's right to privacy. 
D)  did not provide adequate protection from harm. 
A)  did not use an adequate debriefing procedure. 
B)  failed to obtain informed consent. 
C)  violated Mthobeli's right to privacy. 
D)  did not provide adequate protection from harm.

Question 19

The fact that many times researchers unintentionally influence the outcome of their studies implies the existence of

Accepted Answer

A)  experimenter bias. 
B)  a placebo effect. 
C)  sampling bias. 
D)  social desirability. 
A)  experimenter bias. 
B)  a placebo effect. 
C)  sampling bias. 
D)  social desirability.

Question 20

Which of the following statements concerning experimenter bias is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  experimenter bias may influence the behaviour of the participants 
B)  experimenter bias is often intentional 
C)  experimenter bias may influence the researcher's observations or recording of participants responses 
D)  experimenter bias may influence the research project in subtle ways 
A)  experimenter bias may influence the behaviour of the participants 
B)  experimenter bias is often intentional 
C)  experimenter bias may influence the researcher's observations or recording of participants responses 
D)  experimenter bias may influence the research project in subtle ways

The principal disadvantage of the descriptive/correlational research method is

The goals of the scientific enterprise in psychology are to describe, understand, predict and control behaviour.

What is the mode of the following data? 2, 3, 3, 3, 5, 5, 7, 12

Lindelani has sent out a survey in which she is asking people to provide information about their attitudes on a number of sensitive subjects. When the surveys are returned Lindelani needs to be aware that the responses may be distorted due to

A(n) ____________________ is a research method in which the researcher manipulates a variable under carefully controlled conditions and measures whether any changes occur in a second variable.

A researcher who is conducting an opinion survey asks viewers who are watching a political debate to dial an 0-800 number and record their opinion to the "question of the day". In this case the researcher is likely to have

Experimenter bias occurs when

If two variables have a positive correlation, you would expect that scores on one variable are generally associated with scores on the second variable.

When variability in a data set is large, the standard deviation will be ; when variability is small, the standard deviation will be .

Sampling bias is a problem because it

A standardised measure used to obtain a sample of a person's behaviour is called

The group of subjects selected for observation in an empirical study is known as the ____________________.

In experimental research, the variable that the researcher measures because it is thought to be affected by the manipulation of another variable is the

Individuals who think critically do not rely on anecdotal evidence because this type of evidence

A researcher is interested in examining whether relaxation techniques help decrease the perception of anxiety in subjects. The second step in this scientific investigation would be

The fact that many times researchers unintentionally influence the outcome of their studies implies the existence of

Which of the following statements concerning experimenter bias is false?

The Evolution of Psychology

Biology of Behaviour

Sensory Systems and Perception

States of Consciousness

Conditioning and Learning

Cognition and Language

Human Intelligence

Theories of Motives and Emotions

Human Development

Personality Theories

Social Psychology

Health Psychology

Abnormal Behaviour

Treatment of Abnormal Behaviour

Culture and Mental Health

Complementary Alternative Treatment of Mental Illnesses

Treatment of Mental Illnesses in South Africa: Culture-Related

Applied Psychology in South Africa

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Exam 2: Research Methods in Psychology

The principal disadvantage of the descriptive/correlational research method is

The goals of the scientific enterprise in psychology are to describe, understand, predict and control behaviour.

What is the mode of the following data? 2, 3, 3, 3, 5, 5, 7, 12

Lindelani has sent out a survey in which she is asking people to provide information about their attitudes on a number of sensitive subjects. When the surveys are returned Lindelani needs to be aware that the responses may be distorted due to

A(n) ____________________ is a research method in which the researcher manipulates a variable under carefully controlled conditions and measures whether any changes occur in a second variable.

A researcher who is conducting an opinion survey asks viewers who are watching a political debate to dial an 0-800 number and record their opinion to the "question of the day". In this case the researcher is likely to have

Experimenter bias occurs when

If two variables have a positive correlation, you would expect that ____ scores on one variable are generally associated with ____ scores on the second variable.

When variability in a data set is large, the standard deviation will be ____; when variability is small, the standard deviation will be ____.

Sampling bias is a problem because it

A standardised measure used to obtain a sample of a person's behaviour is called

The group of subjects selected for observation in an empirical study is known as the ____________________.

In experimental research, the variable that the researcher measures because it is thought to be affected by the manipulation of another variable is the

Individuals who think critically do not rely on anecdotal evidence because this type of evidence

A researcher is interested in examining whether relaxation techniques help decrease the perception of anxiety in subjects. The second step in this scientific investigation would be

The fact that many times researchers unintentionally influence the outcome of their studies implies the existence of

Which of the following statements concerning experimenter bias is false?

The Evolution of Psychology

Biology of Behaviour

Sensory Systems and Perception

States of Consciousness

Conditioning and Learning

Cognition and Language

Human Intelligence

Theories of Motives and Emotions

Human Development

Personality Theories

Social Psychology

Health Psychology

Abnormal Behaviour

Treatment of Abnormal Behaviour

Culture and Mental Health

Complementary Alternative Treatment of Mental Illnesses

Treatment of Mental Illnesses in South Africa: Culture-Related

Applied Psychology in South Africa

Filters

If two variables have a positive correlation, you would expect that scores on one variable are generally associated with scores on the second variable.

When variability in a data set is large, the standard deviation will be ; when variability is small, the standard deviation will be .